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JGE

Journal of Green Engineering

[Indexed in Scopus]

ISSN: 1904-4720 (Print)
ISSN: 2245-4586 (Online)
Publication Frequency: 12 issues per year

Volume:10 Issue:4 April 2020

Use of Quarry Dust with Recycled Coarse Aggregate in Sustainable Self Compacting Concrete
1*R. Dinesh Kumar, 2P.T.Ravichandran, 3K Divya Krishnan
1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Easwari Engineering College (Autonomous), Ramapuram, Chennai,India.
2Professor,Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur,India.
3Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur,India.
Pages: 1297-1311
Abstract: [+]
Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a liquid blend, which is appropriate for putting troublesome conditions and furthermore in clogged spots, without vibration. This sort of concrete will lessens the noise pollution and some health problems brought about by the vibrators and noises. Aside from those issues, the researches focus on the environmental and ecological issues like common materials exhaustion. The aim of this research is to contemplate the qualities and characteristics of SCCs and to the appropriateness of residue quarry dust to be utilized as supplanting materials for natural river sand with Recycled Aggregates (RA) for fluctuating extents to coarse aggregate in SCC.In this study the attempt is made to use the quarry dust and recycled aggregate individually and with the combinations in SCC. The properties like workability and strength parameters of SCC examined from flexural, tension and compression test with respect different curing periods. In addition to this, durable characteristics of SCC identified from alkaline attack test, resistance test of acid and sulphate. From the test values, workability parameters of SCC were fulfilled the acknowledgment according to the guidelines of EFNARC. An increment in alternative materials like both quarry dust and recycled aggregates, the strength was seen as escalated up to 20% of replacements. After that strength parameters are continuously reducing with the increment of substitution materials. Durability characteristics results likewise show good execution according to standard codes.
Keywords: 
| References: [+]
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[2] Hisham Qasrawi, “Towards Sustainable Self-Compacting Concrete: Effect of Recycled Slag Coarse Aggregate on the Fresh Properties of SCC”, Advances in Civil Engineering, Vol. 2018, pp. 1-9, 2018.
[3] Manimaran A, Somasundaram M, Ravichandran P.T., “Experimental Study On Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate by Bamboo and Fine Aggregate by Quarry Dust in Concrete”, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, Vol. 8, no.8, pp. 1019–1027, 2017.
[4] Krishnaraj L, Suba Lakshmi R, Ravichandran P.T., “Utilisation of RMC waste with chemical Admixtures to manufacturing of sustainable Building components”, Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 592 – 599, 2017.
[5] Aswathy P.U., Mathews M. Paul, “Behaviour of self-compacting concrete by partial replacement of fine aggregate with coal bottom ash”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering, IJIRAE, Vol. 2, no. 10, pp. 45-52, 2015.
[6] Vaniya S.R., Parikh K.B., Harish M. Rabadiya, “A study on properties of self-compacting concrete using silica sand as partial replacement of fine aggregate”, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, JETIR, Vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 59-69, 2016.
[7] Prashant O. Modani, Vinod M. Mohitkar, “Self-compacting concrete with recycled aggregate: A solution for sustainable development”, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, Vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 430-440, 2014.
[8] Franchis David M, Theenathayalan R, NaganathaPrabhu L, Vincent @ Venkatesan P, “Flexural Behavior of Sustainable Self Compacting Concrete Beam”, Journal of Green Engineering (JGE), Vol 9, no. 2, pp 176 -188, 2019
[9] Rahul Sharma, Rizwan A Khan, “Fresh and mechanical properties of self compacting concrete containing copper slag as fine aggregates”, Journal of Materials and Engineering Structures, Vol. 4, pp. 25–36, 2017
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Design of 8-bit Low Power SAR Converter for Biomedical Applications Using 90nm CMOS Technology
1B S Kavya, 2M. Nagabushanam, 3J N Swaminathan
1Student, Department of ECE, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India.
3Professor, Department of ECE, QIS College of Engg & Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Pages: 1312-1327
Abstract: [+]
A Successive Approximation Register (SAR) type Analog to Digital Converter is one of the best type converter suited for biomedical low power Applications, compared to other type ADC Architectures. This paper presents a very low-power, voltage type successive converter designed using the basic current steering DAC as one of the integrated module. The proposed successive type converter architecture is implemented using the basic input module like track circuit with additional dummy transistor and a dual-tail dynamic latched comparator. The current steering architecture with the clock gated successive register controller logic using D-FF is integrated to form the complete converter logic. The simulation of the proposed converter is implemented with 90nm technology on the cadence virtuoso tool platform. The proposed Converter could resolve Maximum up to 8-bits, with total power consumption of few micro Watts. The simulation results show that the low power analog converter consumes 11.6μW of power from a 1V power supply, and has a Signal-to-Noise Ratio of 55.5dB for a 250 Hz input. ENOB obtained around 8.29 and differential non-linearity (DNL) of 446μV.
Keywords:  Successive Approximation Register, Current Steering DAC, Clock Gated Control Logic, track and hold circuit, comparator.
| References: [+]
[1] Tasnim B.Nazzal ,Soliman A.Mahmoud, Mohamed O.Shaker, “A 200-nW 10-KS/s SAR ADC in 90-nm CMOS for Portable Biomedical Applications”, Microelectronics Journal, Vol. 56, pp. 81–96, 2016.
[2] Soliman A. Mahmoud and Aisha A. Alhammadi, “A CMOS digitally programmable OTA based instrumentation amplifier for EEG detection system”, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems, (ICECS), pp. 543–546, 2015.
[3] Soliman A. Mahmoud and Tasnim B. Nazzal, "Sample and Hold Circuits for Low-Frequency Signals in Analog-to-Digital Converter", International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Research, pp 33-36, 2015.
[4] Jasbir Kaur, SaurabhKansal, "Study of Various ADCs and Compare Their Performance and Parameters", International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology,Vol.3,No.3, pp 88-96, 2015.
[5] Ganesha H.S, Rekha Bhandarkar and Vijayalatha Devadiga, "A 8-Bit Hybrid Architecture Current-Steering DAC", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol.2, No.4, pp 2010-2014, 2015.
[6] S.A.Mahmoud, T.B.Nazzal, "Sample and hold circuits for low-frequency signals in analog-to-digital converter", International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Research, pp. 33–36, 2015.
[7] Hardeep Kaur, Er.Swarnjeet Singh, Sukhdeep Kaur, "Design and Analysis of D Flip Flop Using Different Technologies", International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol.3, No.7, pp. 6919-6926, 2015.
[8] Priyanka Sharma, Rajesh Mehra, “True Single Phase Clocking Based Flip-Flop Design Using Different Foundries”, International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, Vol.7, No.2, pp.352-358, 2014.
[9] S. Sivasathya, T. Manikandan, " Design of Double Tail Comparator for High Speed ADC", Proceedings of International Conference On Global Innovations In Computing Technology, Vol.2, Special Issue 1, 2014.
[10] Vaishnavi V. Jamade. Amol Kashinath Boke “Design and analysis of Double Tail Comparator using Adiabatic Logic”, International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering, Vol.2, No.2, pp.586-592, 2016.
[11] Dai Zhang, Ameya Bhide and Atila Alvandpour, “A 53-nW 1-kS/s SAR ADC in 0.13-µm CMOS for Medical Implant Devices”, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol.47, No.7, pp.1585 – 1593, 2012.
[12] S.Y.Lee, C.G.Cheng, C.P.Wang, S.C.Lee, "A 1-V 8-Bit 0.95 mW successive approximation ADC for biosignal acquisition systems", Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol.42,no.10, pp. 649–652, 2009.
[13] S. Sarkar and S. Banerjee, "An 8-bit 1.8 V 500 MSPS CMOS Segmented Current Steering DAC," IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI, pp. 268-273, 2009.
[14] Hwang-Cherng Chow and Yi-Hung Chen, "1V 10-bit successive approximation ADC for low power biomedical applications," 18th European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, pp. 196-199, 2007.
[15] H.C. Hong, G.M.Lee, "A65-fJ/conversion-step 0.9-V200-kS/srail-to-rail 8-bit successive approximation ADC", IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp.2161–2168, 2005.
[16] H.P. Le, J. Singh, L. Hiremath, V. Mallapur and A. Stojcevski, "Ultra-low-power variable-resolution successive approximation ADC for biomedical application", Electronics Letters, Vol. 41, No. 11, 2005.
[17] J. Manimaran, T. Suresh, “Node Mobility Prediction in Mobile Ad Hoc Network for Reduced Energy Consumption” Journal of Green Engineering, Vol. 10, no.1, pp.132-143, 2020.
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Safe Biometrics System Integrated with SRMED Security
1Santham Bharathy Alagarsamy and 2,*Kalpana Murugan
1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Virudhunagar, India.
2,*Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Virudhunagar, India.
Pages: 1328-1368
Abstract: [+]
Safe biometrics system of characterizing achieves high quality and better efficiency in supervising and monitoring the proposed design. To reach such quality, the designed model gives few techniques that help in detecting and diagnosing some false in biometrics system. In comparison with other biometrics traits, ear and face are accurate due to their unique textures. In this paper, a Simplified Random Matrix Encryption and Decryption (SRMED) for multimodal biometric Recognition system is proposed using ear and face images to provide a secure transmission of data with cryptography. This work involves automatic preprocessing, Ring projection, Information normalization, AARK segmentation, DWT feature extraction, ANFIS classifier with score level fusion for reducing the complexity of identification and improving the accuracy. The experimental results of the proposed method provide better performances than the unimodal biometric images of ear and face with the help of IITD ear database and ORL face database. It achieved 97.5% recognition rate. Eventually the proposed method concludes by authenticating the indidual recognition. Their tremendous performance improves the standard detecting in biometrics system and bringing them effective and complete autonomous in the simulation operation.
Keywords:  Biometrics system, automated detection, ANFIS classifier,Encryption and Score level fusion.
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Secured Cognitive VANET with CDS Cluster Based Routing Algorithm
1A.Vinothkumar, 2C.Devi, 3S.Satheesh, 4A.Kannan, 5C. Hemalatha
1Associate Professor, Department of ECE, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai ,India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of MECH, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India.
3Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai ,India.
4Associate Professor, Department of EEE, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai,India.
5Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Dr.MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai,India.
Pages: 1369–1391
Abstract: [+]
In MANET, nodes are inherently dynamic, which is a major contest in topology control. The connected domain set (CDS) is deliberated an effective solution to such a difficulty by building essential support to attain the scalability and efficiency of the wireless network. In this article, we offer efficient routing based on optimal packet delivery ratio (PDR), low overhead control, low latency, and grouping of dominant sets on multi-channel cognitive radio (CR) monitors, based on achieving and dynamic channel selection CRD. Low energy consumption. The node moves faster. Also, the CRD protocol can be applied to the MANET, IoT, and 5G. The projected CRD protocol comprises grouping and route-by-step under a multi-channel CR attitude. We propose the use of CDS selection, CDS subtraction, and CDS based grouping procedures in the grouping phase to create groups and deliver a set of intermediate nodes to use as the root search space for the routing phase. AES-based encryption is used to improve the security performance.
Keywords:  Connected dominating set (CDS), VANET, cognitive radio (CR), clustering algorithms, and dynamic channel selection (CRD).
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[6] S.Pramela Devi, V.Eswaramoorthy, K.Vinoth Kumar and T. Jayasankar, “Likelihood based Node Fitness Evaluation Method for Data Authentication in MANET ”, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, vol. 29, no. 3,pp. 5835 – 5842, 2020.
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Novel Content Based Data Retrieval by Pattern Matching Scheme from Cloud Storage
1T. Jemima Jebaseeli, 2Priya Dharsini, 3D Jasmine David
1Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore,Tamil Nadu, India.
3Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Pages: 1392-1402
Abstract: [+]
The proposed framework has an efficient mechanism to extract the data from the cloud storage by pattern representation and management. This paper examines and reports the challenges in image content retrieval frameworks developed all through the years. This proposed scheme includes a simpler order of classification and retrieval of images from huge databases. The procedures incorporate diversified areas, viz. analyse the input data, ranking the data, search input content, extract the feature of the content, clustering, compare the input with the cloud content, apply pattern similarities, and retrieve the content from the cloud storage. Experiments were carried out on a huge set of different format of data. Through this experimentation, the proposed framework is proficiently enough to address the clinical needs of experets in retrieving the content from huge storage.
Keywords:  Content based retrieval, Cloud storage, Search, Clustering, and Pattern similarity.
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[10].Yong Wang, Fei Liu, Zimao Pang, Abdelrhman Hassan, Wenbin Lu, "Privacy-preserving content-based image retrieval for mobile computing", Journal of Information Security and Applications, Vol. 49, 2019.
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Performance Improvement in Mixed-Mode Solar Dryer with Addition of Paraffin-Based Thermal Energy Storage
1Denil Roy Joshua, 2Richu Zachariah, 3 D M Anumod
1Student, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
2Asst. Prof., Dept. of Mechanichal Engineering,Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
3Asst. Prof., Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
Pages: 1403-1418
Abstract: [+]
Drying in direct sunlight has a baleful risk of microbial attack and a chance of atmospheric contamination, so solar drying technology is adapted as a better solution for food preservation. For this analysis, a mixed-mode solar dryer is investigated. The dryer is tested, with and without phase change material (PCM) thermal storage. The drying performance of both the configurations is evaluated for the drying of raw banana and pineapple slices. An improvement of 75% in drying effectiveness is obtained with the addition of PCM thermal storage. The simple payback period of 1.6 years obtained for the PCM based dryer, which is lower compared to its expected life span of 25 years.
Keywords:  Solar Collector, Greenhouse, Mixed Mode Solar Dryer, phase change material, thermal storage.
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[4] Darwin, Harun, Muhammad Ilham, Maulana, Hasan and Akhyar, “Experimental investigation on open sun-drying and solar drying system of bilimbi”, 6th International Annual Engineering Seminar (InAES), pp. 271–275, 2016.
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[6] Prasit and Phoosomma, “Construction and efficiency test of solar drying cabinet for nipa palm drying for community enterprise”, 18th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS), pp. 1414–1417, 2018.
[7] Nguyen Vu Lan, “Improvement of conventional solar drying system”, 17th International Conference on System Science and Engineering (ICSSE), pp. 690–693, 2017.
[8] Mahesh Kumar, “Forced convection greenhouse papad drying: an experimental study”, Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, Vol. 8, no. 2, pp.177–189, 2013.
[9] Dan Nchelatebe Nkwetta and Fariborz Haghighat, “Thermal energy storage with phase change material - a state-of-the art review”, Sustainable Cities and Society, Vol. 10, pp. 87–100, 2014.
[10] Dilip Jain and Pratibha Tewari, “Performance of indirect through pass natural convective solar crop dryer with phase change thermal energy storage”, Renewable energy, Vol. 80, pp. 244–250, 2015.
[11] Aymen ELkhadraoui, Sami Kooli, Ilhem Hamdi, and Abdelhamid Farhat, “Experimental investigation and economic evaluation of a new mixed-mode solar greenhouse dryer for drying of red pepper and grape”, Renewable energy, Vol. 77, pp. 1–8, 2015.
[12] Sumit Tiwari and G. N. Tiwari, “Exergoeconomic analysis of photovoltaic-thermal (pvt) mixed mode greenhouse solar dryer”, Energy, Vol. 114, pp. 155–164, 2016.
[13] Y. Md Yunus, Hussain H. Al-Kayiem, and K. A. K. Albaharin, “Design of a biomass burner/gas-to-gas heat exchanger for thermal backup of a solar dryer”, Journal of Applied Science, Vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1929–1936, 2011.
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Optimization of Harmonious Chromatic Number Problem in Green Wireless Access Network
1M.S Franklin Thamil Selvi and 2A. Amutha
1Department of Mathematics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.
2Deparment of Mathematics, The American College, Madurai, India.
Pages: 1419-1428
Abstract: [+]
In contrast with the past, energy consumption in conspiring of mobile wireless network is far reaching research topic owing to its so decisive and so pervading approach and substantial prospective utilization. The utilization of telecommunication has stretch out improvement than ever before in the next few years and to remain active in the forthcoming years in the area of wireless communication medium of choice. Green wireless communication has acquired homosapiens recognition in craving of determining a novel infusion to enhance energy competence for the abiquitousness of wireless application. To discern duplicates or to circumvent unessential input/output operations in some databases, Bloom filter is a space steam lined probabilistic data structure used for illustration. This is hinged on a bit vector called the hash function which is uniformly distributed with size m and k independent set. Moreover bloom hinged structure plays an important role in minimizing the energy expenditure in the broadcast while accomplishing full network coverage. In review of these our paper deals with reviews about the minimum number of colors used when the graph central graph of Bloom network is colored harmoniously which is used in designing a minimal hash function.
Keywords:  Harmonious coloring, Bloom Network, Central graph, Matching number, Edge covering
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[9] J. P. Georges, “On the harmonious coloring of collections of graphs”, Journal of Graph Theory, Vol.20, pp. 241-254, 1995.
[10] Zhikang Lu, “The harmonious chromatic number of a complete 4-ary tree”, Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition, Vol.15, pp. 51-56, 1995.
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[18]Antony Xavier.D, Rosary.M, Elizabeth Thomas, and Andrew Arokraraj, “Broadcasting in Bloom Graph”, International Journal of Mathematics and soft computing, Vol.6, No.2, pp. 57-64, 2016.
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Formal Languages Generating Kolam Patterns, Comparative Study of Tile Pattern Generation between Tile Pasting Systems and Petri Nets For Effective Security in Green Cloud Storage
1M. I. Mary Metilda, 2D. Lalitha, 3K. Bhuvaneswari
1Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology,Tamilnadu,India.
2Professor,Department of Mathematics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology,Tamilnadu,India.
3Assistant Professor,Department of Mathematics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology,Tamilnadu,India.
Pages: 1429-1448
Abstract: [+]
Picture generations using various techniques were seen early in the literature. The concept of Formal Languages has been executed effectively to take a look at the thing of producing patterns of the kolam designs and tile pasting. In this paper a new concept is introduced to generate picture languages using Place transition nets and color Place transition nets. In basic Place transition net tokens are considered as black dots but in this paper Tiles are considered as tokens. Also a comparison is made on the generative power of tile pasting system and Array generating Petri nets. It also includes how tile pasting system and Petri nets are used for effective security in green cloud storage.
Keywords:  Tokens, Colored Petri Nets, Two-dimensional Languages, Iso-Triangular Tiles, Cloud computing.
| References: [+]
[1] K. Bhuvaneswari and T. Kalyani, “Types of P system and Triangular Picture languages”, First International Conference on Computer Applications & Information Security ,pp.1-8,2018.
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[9] Vaithyasubramanian.S and Christy.A,” ATM PIN generation - a formal mathematical model to generate PIN using regular grammar, context free grammar and recognition through finite state machine, pushdown automata”,International Journal of Internet Protocol Technology, Vol.12, No.1, pp.11-15 ,2019.
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[15]Vaithyasubramanian.S, “Array CAPTCHAs (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computer and Human Apart)”, ASIA LIFE SCIENCES,vol. 14,pp. 247-254 ,2017.
[16]Vaithyasubramanian.S., Lalitha.D and Kirubhashankar.C.K. ”,Enhancing website security against bots, spam and web attacks using lCAPTCHA”. International Journal of Computers and Applications, pp.1-7,2019.
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A Novel E-Business Model for Sustainable Green Environment by Using Crop Stubble
1R.Lalitha, 2S.Usha, 3M.Mohamed Ibrahim, 4M.Mannoj, 5S MukeshKanna
1Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
2A2Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.
3,4,5Student, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Chennai,Tamilnadu, India.
Pages: 1449-1462
Abstract: [+]
India being an agricultural country, the waste products and residues that are left after the crop production is in vast quantity. The stubble is the short stalks which is left in the ground after the crops are harvested by the farmers. Most of the farmers are burning the stubble and this leads to major environment pollution in the atmosphere. Most of the stubble are burnt to create space for cultivating the next cycle of crops. Most of the researches are focused towards supply chain, yield management and increase in crop production. But, the solution for stubble management is very limited and hence burning of the stubble continues in many places. Therefore, by considering these limitations, a framework is proposed in this paper to provide a platform to the farmers to get additional income by directly selling them to the users to convert the stubble into useful products. It is an e-business model that collaborate the farmers and the users who need the stubble. This framework also suggests the different ways of using these residues. Based on the field location, soil type and crop type, this framework will also give information about cultivation season, rough estimate of stubble that could becollected, rainfall information in advance. Based on this information, the customer can plan to buy stubble from the appropriate field. Only an initial amount is collected in advance in the framework and the balance will be paid to the farmer directly while collecting the stubble. If the farmer is uneducated, them an educated person from the village will be the farmer’s representative. Thus, this framework provides a multi-purpose platform for the farmers and the industrialists to manage the waste and create useful products and to maintain a green environment.
Keywords:  Stubble, e-business, framework, pollution, green environment.
| References: [+]
[1] Badarinath, K.V.S. Chand, Kiran, “Agriculture crop residue burning in the Indo Gangetic Plains—A study using IRSP6 WiFS satellite data”, Current Science, Vol. 91, no.8, pp.1085–1089, 2006.
[2] Bishnu Kant Shukla, Anit Raj Bhowmik, Pushpendra Kumar Sharma, Abhimanyu, Use of Waste Synthetic Fibre Reinforcement in Environmental Friendly and Economic Pavement Construction”, Journal of Green Engineering, Vol.10, no.1, pp.62-75, 2020.
[3] S.J. Butler, R.B. Bradbury, M.J. Whittingham, “Stubble height affects the use of stubble fields by farmland birds,” Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 42, No.3, pp.469-476, 2005.
[4] Devedee, Anoop, Parihar, Ritesh, "Agricultural Waste / Stubble Management (Waste to Wealth), Alternative to Burning", AGROBIOS NEWSLETTER, Vol.16,no.10, pp.43-45, 2018.
[5] G.B.Huang, Z.Z.Luo, L.LLi, R.Z.Zhang, G.D.Li, L.Q.Cai, J.H.Xie, "Effects of Stubble Management on Soil Fertility and Crop Yield of Rainfed Area in Western Loess Plateau, China", Applied and environmental soil science, Vol. 2012, pp.1-9, 2012.
[6] Jitendra Ojha, Deepankar Tiwari, "Stubble burning: An issue that touches field in rural area and lungs in urban", International Journal of Chemical Studies, special issue 6, pp. 69-72, 2019.
[7] Ke He, Junbio Zhang, Yangmei Zeng, “Knowledge Domain and Emerging Trends of Agricultural Waste Management in the field of Social Science: A Scientometric review", Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 670, pp. 236-244, 2019.
[8] Kumar Harsha Wardhan, Kanjan Upadhyay, "Effective Utilisation of Agricultural Waste: A Review", Journal of Fundamentals of Renewable Energy and Applications, Vol. 7, no.5, pp.1-3, 2017.
[9] D.L. Liu, M. R. Anwar, G. O’Leary, M.K. Conyers, “Managing wheat stubble as an effective approach to sequester soil carbon in a semi-arid environment: Spatial modelling", Geoderma, pp. 214-215, 2014.
[10] R. Naresh, M. Meenakshi, G. Niranjana, "Efficient Study of Smart Garbage Collection for Eco-friendly Environment", Journal of Green Engineering, Vol.10, no.1, pp.1-10, 2020.
[11] Nilay Borah, Rajan Barua, Dhrubajyoti Nath, Kailash Hazarika, Amrita Phukon, Kasturi Goswami, Deben Chandra Barua, "Low Energy Rice Stubble Management through in Situ decomposition", Procedia Environmental Sciences, Vol.35, pp.771-780, 2016.
[12] Pratika Chawala, H.A.S. Sandhu,"Stubble burn area estimation and its impact on ambient air quality of Patiala and Ludhiana district, Punjab, India", Heliyon, Vol. 6, no.1, pp.1-10, 2020.
[13] B.J.S. Varaprasad Joga, Jayaprakash Reddy, Joga Suryaprakash Reddy, "Remediation of expansive soils using Mango Kernel Ash and Calcium Carbide Residue', International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Vol.25, no. 2, pp.220-230,2020.
[14] S.S. Verma,” Technologies for Stubble Use", Journal of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Vol. 1, no.2, pp.106-110,2014.
[15] G. Zhang, K.Y. Chan, G. D. Li, G. Huang, “The effects of stubble retention and tillage practices on surface soil structure and hydraulic conductivity of a loess soil,” Acta Ecologica Sinica, Vol. 31, no.6, pp.298-302, 2011.
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Novel Design Method for the Development of Life Saving Micro Automatic Positive Airway Pressure Device
1,*L.Priya, 2C.Balakavinya, 3S.Bhavani, 4M.Preethi ,5V. Poornima Devi
1,*Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, VIGNAN’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research(Deemed to be University), Guntur, Andhra pradesh, India.
2Student, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, India.
3Professor, Department of ECE, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India.
4Student, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India.
5Student, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India.
Pages: 1463-1476
Abstract: [+]
Sleep apnea is a condition, in which during the sleep, the upper airway obstruction causes the people not able to breathe properly especially at night. Sleep apnea restricts a person’s breathing leading to inadequate oxygen supply to the body. Untreated sleep apnea may affect a person’s sleep and can disturb their regular work. Treatment to sleep apnea can be given by Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) device and Automatic Positive Airway Pressure (APAP) device. The major disadvantage of those devices is the presence of hoses causing discomfort to the patients sleeping positions. This work towards the design of micro blowers for the development of a horseless Micro APAP device. The performance characteristics of micro blowers are analysed using SolidWorks and Ansys software. This micro blower technology based micro APAP device which provides comfortable sleep therapy for sleep disorder patients.
Keywords:  Obstructive sleep apnea, CPAP,APAP, SolidWorks, Titration
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[1] Kevin K. Motamedi, Andrew C.McClary, “Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Growing Problem”, The Ochsner Journal, Vol.9,no.3, pp.149-153,2009.
[2] Cass Edwards, Sutapa Mukherjee, Laila Simpson, Lyle J. Palmer, Osvaldo P. Almeida, and David R. Hillman, “Depressive Symptoms before and after Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Men and Women”, Journal of Clinical Slkeep Medicine, Vol.11,no.9,pp.1029-1038, 2015.
[3] Clifford A. Massie, Nigel McArdle, Robert W. Hart, Alan Lankford, “Comparison between Automatic and Fixed Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in the Home”, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Centre,Vol.10,no.4,pp.165-173,2003.
[4] C. Dias, “Titration with automatic continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea”, Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia,Vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 203-207, 2017.
[5] Himad K. Khattak, Faisal Hayat, Salpy V. Pamboukian, Harvey S. Hahn, “Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure: Review of Prevalence Treatment with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Prognosis”,Journal of Texas Heart Instrumentation ,Vol.45,no.3,pp. 151-161,2018.
[6] Kushida CA, Chediak A, Berry RB, “Positive Airway Pressure Titration Task Force of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Clinical guidelines for the manual titration of positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea”, Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, Vol.4, no.2, pp.157–171,2008.
[7] Z. Ancik, Z. Hadas, R. Vlach, "Simulation modelling of MEMS thermoelectric generator for aircraft applications", Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference and Exposition (PEMC) Vol.16, no.9,pp. 184-189, 2014.
[8] Xiaokai Hu, Hiroyuki Takazawa, Kazuo Nagase, Michihiro Ohta, Atsushi Yamamoto, "Three-Dimensional Finite-Element Simulation for a Thermoelectric Generator Module", Journal of Electronic Materials, Vol. 44, no.3,pp. 3637-39, 2015.
[9] Rosen CL, Auckley D, Benca R, “A multisite randomized trial of portable asleep study and apap auto titration versus laboratory –base polysomnography for the diagnosis and treatment sleep apnea”, The home PAP study sleep,Vol.20, no.4,pp.78-83,2012.
[10] Soham Choudhary , Rohan Ramesh Patil, Priya Sachin Jadhav, “Comparative Analysis between Backward Inclined and Backward Curved Blades of Centrifugal Fan”,International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology,Vol. 6, no. 7, pp.57-60,2017.
[11] Adgale Tushar Balkrishna, “Static and Dynamic Analysis of Centifugal Blower Impeller using FEA”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Vol. 2, no.7, pp.35-39,2014.
[12] Mihail Octavian Cernaianu, Aurel Gontean,"High-accuracy thermoelectrical module model for energy-harvesting systems", Circuits Devices & Systems IET, Vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 114-123, 2013.
[13] T. Bien, G. Rose, M. Skalej, "FEM modeling of radio frequency ablation in the spinal column", Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI), Vol. 5,no.2, pp. 1867-1871, 2010.
[14] Tremmel M, Taulbee DB , “Calculation of the Time Averaged Flow in Squirrel Cage Blowers by Substituting Blades with Equivalent Forces,” ASME Jr of Turbo machinery, Vol. 130 no.3,pp. 1-12,2008.
[15] Huang C-K, Hsich M-E, “Performance analysis and optimized Design of BackwardCurved Aerofoil Centrifugal Blowers”, HVAC&R Research Magazine, Vol 15,no.5, pp 461-488,2009.
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Sustainability of Hybrid UASB Reactor Using Bio Balls Treating Bagasse Wash Water Under Various Organic Loading Rates
1P Ravichandranand 2 K Balaji
1Department of Civil Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Panruti Campus, Tamil Nadu, India.
Pages: 1477-1492
Abstract: [+]
Anaerobic technology is more successful means of degradation of organic substance in industrial effluent and the production of energy that can be used as an alternative fuel for sustainability. Large integrated pulp and paper mills use a wide variety of raw materials as bagasse which is produced from sugar industry. This study illustrates the sustainability of lab scale hybrid UASB using bio balls on treatment of pulp and paper mill bagasse wash water. The lab scale HUASB reactor was designed for an effective volume of 13 L with bio balls as packing media at top of the reactor and operated under mesophilic condition in continuous mode. The reactor was operated for different OLR ranging from 2.5 kg COD/m3.d to 24.31 kg COD/m3.d by varying the influent COD concentrations of 2503.6 mg/L, 3918 mg/L, 5432 mg/L, 6608 mg/L and 7996 mg/L under steady state condition. The COD removal efficiencies were obtained between 68.60 and 92.19 %.It was also found that using bio balls as packing media was achieved the removal efficiency on PB from16.14% to 36.04%. The maximum biogas yield 0.64 m3/kg CODr was obtained and the higher methane yield was also attained 0.353 m3/kg CODr at higher OLR.
Keywords:  Bagasse wash water; HUASB reactor; Bio balls; COD removal; OLR; Biogas gas yield.
| References: [+]
[1] Surabhi Yadav, Nidhi Yadav, “Physicochemical study of Paper Mill Effluent: To asses pollutant release to Environment”, International Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 4, no 5, 2014.
[2] Mohammadreza Kamali, Zahra Khodaparast, “Review on recent developments on pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment”, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vo.114, pp.326–342, 2015.
[3] Indian Paper mill association, http://ipma.co.in/statistics Accessed on 27/12/2019.
[4] J Sawasdikul, M Rodprapakorn, N Nitayapat,P Panichnumsin, “Effect of Influent Concentration and Hydraulic Retention Time on the Performance of an Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor Treating Wastewater from Washing of Sugarcane Bagasse”, Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) vol. 49, pp.433 – 440, 2015.
[5] S. A. Chinnaraj, G. V. Rao, “Implementation of an UASB anaerobic digester at bagasse based pulp and paper industry”, Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 30, pp. 273–277, 2006.
[6] D.Pokhrel, T.Viraraghavan, “Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater – a review”, Science of the Total Environment, Vol.333, pp.37–58, 2004.
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[8] P.Bajpai, “Pulp and Paper Industry: Emerging wastewater treatment technologies”, Elsevier Science, pp.71-92, 2017.
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[14] Rajinikanth Rajagopal, Michel Torrijos, Pradeep Kumar, Indu Mehrotra, “Substrate removal kinetics in high-rate upflow anaerobic filters packed with low-density polyethylene media treating high-strength agro-food wastewaters”,Journal of Environmental Management, Vol.116, pp.101-106, 2013.
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[20] P Ravichandran and K Balaji, “Startup performance of hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating pulp and paper mill bagasse wash water”, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, Vol.9, no.11, pp.1681–1691, 2018.
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[22] P Ravichandran, K Balaji, “Effect of HRT on performance of hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (HUASB) reactor using bio balls in treatment of pulp and paper mill bagasse wash water, Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol.22, pp.627–632, 2020.
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Efficient Auto-Scheduler for Teaching Application in Green Cloud Computing
1S. Reshma Sultana, 2K. Sindhu Meena, 3R. Madhumathi
1Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, Sri Krishna College of Technology, Kovaipudur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, Sri Krishna College of Technology, Kovaipudur, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
3Assistant Professor (Selction Grade), Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Vattamalaipalayam, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Pages: 1493-1504
Abstract: [+]
The purpose of Green cloud computing is to achieve an efficiently working application which is eco-friendly for the environment. A work load for an institution is the most essential work schedule which helps in maintaining a systematic procedure for all the students and teachers. Scheduling a work load manually for all the grades in any institution is a tedious task. It requires the attention of all the teachers in the institution. Moreover, the students should feel comfortable in attending all the classes according to the work load. Considering all these parameters, a scheduling algorithm is designed using Genetic Algorithm for a institution work load. Genetic algorithm helps in improving the quality of the work load by using the genetic operators. Auto-Scheduler helps in reducing manual work just by giving all the details of the institution and teachers in this system. This system is designed mainly for the institutions all over India. It is beneficial for the staffs because it is designed based on the staff preferred timings. It is also beneficial for the students since the work load is created with regular intervals of extra-curricular activities.
Keywords: Evolutionary algorithm, Genetic algorithm, Scheduling, simulated annealing,Cloud computing
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[3] Bharkha Narang, Ambika Gupta, Rashmi Bansal, "Use of Active Rules and Genetic Algorithm to Generate the Automatic Time-table", International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management, 2013.
[4] Arindam Chaudhuri and Kajal De, "Fuzzy Genetic Heuristic for University Course Timetable Problem", International Journal of Soft Computing and Applications, Vol. 2, 2010.
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[8] Cauvery N K, "Timetable Scheduling using Graph Coloring", International Journal of P2P Network Trends and Technology, Vol. 1, no. 2, 2011.
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[10] Shara S. A. Alves, Saulo A. F. Oliveira, Ajalmar R. Rocha Neto, “A Novel Educational Timetabling Solution through Recursive Genetic Algorithms”, Latin America Congress on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI), IEEE, 2015.
[11] Asif Ansari, Sachin Bojewar, "Comparing Genetic Algorithm with MEME-Timetable generation", International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Management Studies", Vol. 3, no. 3, 2015.
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[13] Warit Mekareeya, Ganyanat Satiti-thanawisit, Nathantai Suansilppongse, Chatsuree Siripolsomsuk, Pisit Praiwattana, “Schedule Management application: Automatic schedule generation using using network flow algorithm”, ICT International Student Project Conference (ICT-ISPC), 2014.
[14] Yanan Zhang, Zhaopeng Meng, Anca Ralescu, “Dynamic Timetable Scheduling with reverse-flow technique in fuzzy environment”, International Fuzzy Systems Association and International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems (IFSA-SCIS), 2017.
[15] Prof Er. Shabina Sayed, Ansari Ahmed, Ansari Aamir, Ansari Zaeem, "Automated Timetable Generator", International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, Vol.1, no. 11, 2015.
[16] R. Madhumathi, R. Radhakrishnan “A resource allocation strategy in cloud using Roulette wheel selection method”, International Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things (ICGIoT), IEEE, 2015.
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Supply Chain Flexibility: An Empirical Investigation of Indian Manufacturing Firms for Sustainable Development
1R. PremSankar, 2T.Jeyapoovan, 3V.R. Pramod
1Research Scholar,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai,India.
2Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India.
3Professor,Department of Mechanical Engineering,NSS College of Engineering, Palakkad,India.
Pages: 1505-1515
Abstract: [+]
This paper examines the interplay between the several Supply Chain Flexibility dimensions and the Performance of the Firm with the samples of Indian Manufacturing Firm. This study is inclusive of an empirical survey of an illustrative sample of the top 10 Manufacturing firms in Chennai, India. The research study was conducted utilizing the quantitative data gathered from 400 respondents from 10 manufacturing firms in India. A positive relation was found through the empirical study that indicated the contributing factors of the supply chain flexibility to be significant on the firm performance and also on the innovation of the manufacturing firms. The results attained from the present empirical study leads to a better comprehension of the underlying aspects of the suppliers’ flexibility and agility on the performance and innovation of the manufacturing firms with respect to the sustainable development. This empirical study analyses and provides the fundamental interplay between the flexibility of the supply chain and the performance of the firm, providing an organized frame of the various supply chain flexibility dimensions that could be utilized as a substructure of the future research testing and sustainable development.
Keywords:  Manufacturing firms, Supply chain agility, Structural Equation Modelling, Firm performance, Supply chain flexibility and practises.
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[16] M.Christopher,D.Towill,“An integrated model for the design of agile supply chains”,International Journal of Physical Distribution &Logistics Management, Vol. 31,no. 4, pp.235–246,2001.
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Sustainable Development of an Integrated Numerous DC-to-DC Input Converters for Non-Conventional Sources of Energy and its Applications
1S. Sankarananth, 2P. Sivaraman, 3M.Karthiga, 4S.Sam Divakaran
1Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,Excel College of Engineering and Technology,Komarapalayam, India.
2Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, India.
3Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, India.
4Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Excel College of Engineering and Technology,Komarapalayam, India.
Pages: 1516-1532
Abstract: [+]
The power-supply for DC-to-DC Converter attained from the huge number of energy sources and the converter is used to provide balanced output. The basic structure of Numerous Input Converter (NIC) is as like different individual input converters from all energy sources. Non-conventional energy sources (NCES) are fast growing as the traditional energy means is cost-effective and not abundant. As NCES is available abundant and it is easily disposable it is used as an alternate energy source nowadays. Photovoltaic energy source and wind energy sources are the major inputs of NCES. A battery is used for charging as the power of NCES is intermittent. The converter is utilized for battery charging of input sources and the battery in turn works bidirectional. The proposed NIC provides power in combination with all input energy sources to the load or separate. Since less number of components are used in NIC it is cost-effective and small size. NIC is reliable and its performance is dynamic in nature because of its centralized control. The power from multiple energy sources and the operation of battery is used for analyzing the different operation modes in NIC. The PI-controller is utilized in closed operation in NIC. Suggested model NIC can be used in residential and in charging of automobiles.
Keywords:  Non-Conventional energy sources, Multi Input DC-DC Converter,Solar PV System, PI- controller, MATLAB/SIMULINK.
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[1] Calais, M, & Agelidis, V. G, “Multilevel converters for single-phase grid connected photovoltaic systems-an overview”. In IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. Proceedings. ISIE'98, Cat. No. 98TH8357, IEEE, Vol. 1, pp. 224-229.,1998.
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[4] Myrzik, J. M., & Calais, M “String and module integrated inverters for single-phase grid connected photovoltaic systems- a review”. IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings, IEEE, Vol. 2, pp. 8-pp, 2003.
[5] Matsuo, H., Lin, W., Kurokawa, F., Shigemizu, T., & Watanabe, N.” Characteristics of the multiple-input DC-DC converter”. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol.3, pp.625-631,2004.
[6] Peng, F. Z., Li, H., Su, G. J., & Lawler, J. S. “A new ZVS bidirectional DC-DC converter for fuel cell and battery application”, IEEE Transactions on power electronics, Vol.1, pp. 54-65,2004.
[7] Duarte, J. L., Hendrix, M., & Simões, M. G, “Three-port bidirectional converter for hybrid fuel cell systems”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 22, Vol.2, pp.480-48, 2007.
[8] Chen, Y. M., Liu, Y. C., Hung, S. C., & Cheng, C. S, “Multi-input inverter for grid-connected hybrid PV/wind power system”. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 22, Vol.3, pp. 1070-1077,2007.
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[11] Kwasinski, “A Identification of feasible topologies for multiple-input DC–DC converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics”, Vol.24, no.3, pp.856-861, 2009.
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[13] Khaligh, A., Cao, J., & Lee, Y. J, “A multiple-input DC–DC converter topology. IEEE Transactions on power electronics”, Vol. 24, no.3, pp.862-868,2009.
[14] Liu, Y. C., & Chen, Y. M, “A systematic approach to synthesizing multi-input DC–DC converters”. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.24, no.1, pp.116-127, 2009.
[15] Li, Y., Ruan, X., Yang, D., Liu, F., & Chi, K. T, “Synthesis of multiple-input DC/DC converters”. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.25, no.9, pp.2372-2385, 2010.
[16] Qian, Z., Abdel-Rahman, O., & Batarseh, I, “An integrated four-port DC/DC converter for renewable energy applications”. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.25, no.7, pp.1877-1887,2010.
[17] Hosseini, S. H., Danyali, S., Nejabatkhah, F. S. A. K., & Niapoor, S. K. M, “Multi-input DC boost converter for grid connected hybrid PV/FC/battery power system”. In IEEE Electrical Power & Energy Conference, pp. 1-6, 2010.
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A Cohesive Scheme of Exploration-Based Air Quality Prediction
1J Shiny Duela, 2K.Raghavender, 3N.Viswanath, 4G.KiranSiddarth.
1Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM institute of science and Technology , Ramapuram Campus, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM institute of science and Technology, Ramapuram Campus, Tamil Nadu, India.
3Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM institute of science and Technology, Ramapuram Campus, Tamil Nadu, India.
4Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM institute of science and Technology , Ramapuram Campus, Tamil Nadu, India.
Pages: 1533-1548
Abstract: [+]
Air contaminating is considered as a huge issue for the overall population and economy. Air sullying foreseeing can offer an advantageous and fruitful early exhortation. In the current standard examinations, the information from significant standards air pollution data is typically neglected Air quality mirrors the level of air sullying and is directed by the level of union of poisons observable all around. At first, this system utilizes the information extraction development in order to gaze out the components which impact quality of air. Air defilement data of four dirtied Chinese urban regions are utilized to check the feasibility, security, and completeness of the proposed model. Moreover, this system uses these elements facts to guide the neuronal framework. Finally, the trial for appraisal of the deciding system is surveyed. In this proposed model, different figuring and frameworks are used stretching out from back inciting, monotonous neural framework to Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and gated discontinuous framework the proposed model can beat low-objectives assessing models and other benchmark models.
Keywords:  Clustering method, Rule mining, Back Propagation, Feedback network, LSTM, Gated recurrent network
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[1] W. Yu, “Spatial co-location pattern mining for location-based services in road networks,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 46, pp. 324–335, 2016.
[2] Harsh N. Shah, Zishan Khan, Abbas Ali Merchant, Moin Moghal , Aamir Shaikh , Priti Rane, “A spatiotemporal mining framework for abnormal association patterns in marine environments with a time series of remote sensing images,” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, vol. 9,no.2, pp. 62–66, 2018.
[3] S. Qin, F. Liu, C. Wang, Y. Song, and J. Qu, “Spatial-temporal analysis and projection of extreme particulate matter (pm10 and pm2. 5) levels using association rules: A case study of the jing-jin-ji region, china,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 120, pp. 339–350, 2015.
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[5] G. Atluri, A. Karpatne, and V. Kumar, “Spatio-temporal data mining: A survey of problems and methods,” ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 83-90, 2018.
[6] Y. Shao, B. Liu, S. Wang, and G. Li, “A novel software defect prediction based on atomic class-association rule mining,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 114, pp. 237–254, 2018.
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[8] C.-H. Chee, J. Jaafar, I. A. Aziz, M. H. Hasan, and W. Yeoh, “Algorithms for frequent itemset mining: a literature review,” Artificial Intelligence Review, pp. 1–19, 2018.
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[11] Zhang, P. Tian, X. Zhang, Q. Liao, Z. L. Jiang, and X. Wang, “Hasheclat: an efficient frequent itemset algorithm,” International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, vol.10, pp. 1–14, 2019.
[12] S. Qin, F. Liu, C. Wang, Y. Song, and J. Qu, “Spatial-temporal analysis and projection of extreme particulate matter (pm10 and pm2. 5) levels using association rules: A case study of the jing-jin-ji region, china,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 120, pp. 339–350, 2015.
[13] https://tnpcb.gov.in/pdf_2020/ambient_airquality_07_01_20.pdf
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Solar PV Fed Three-Phase Induction Motor’s Fault Classification Using Deep Neural Network
1N. Sivaraj and 2B. Rajagopal
1Full time Research Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu,India.
2Associate Professor,Department of Electrical Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu India.
Pages: 1549-1565
Abstract: [+]
Fault identification is also an essential issue in maintenance of asynchronous motor. Bearing defects are the major defect that occurs in motors. In this research, a novel approach is developed by utilizing Hilbert transform (HT) for analyzing speed and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for diagnosing the failures. The information about the stator current of the asynchronous motor are analyzed and classified when the motor is subjected to different loading under healthy and fault conditions of the bearings. The proposed CNN classifier has the ability to classify the types of fault in bearing and experimental outcomes to endorse the value of the developed process.
Keywords:  Bearing Fault, Convolutional Neural Network, Fault Diagnosis, Hilbert-Huang Transform, Induction Motors
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[1] M.E.H Benbouzid, “A Review of Induction Motors Signature Analysis as a Medium for Faults Detection”, IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 984-993, 2016.
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[6] M. Drif , A. J. MCardoso , “The Use of the Instantaneous-Reactive- Power Signature Analysis for Rotor-Cage-Fault Diagnostics in Three- Phase Induction Motors”, IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, vol. 56, pp. 4606-4614, 2009.
[7] Dai. S and McInerny. S, “Basic vibration signal processing for bearing fault detection”, IEEE Transaction on Education, Vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 149–156, 2003.
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[10] J. Antonino-Daviu, M. Riera-Guasp, M. Pineda-Sanchez, and R. Perez, “A critical comparison between dwt and hilbert huang-based methods for the diagnosis of rotor bar failures in induction machine”, Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on Industry applications, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 1794 –1803, 2009.
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[14] Benbouzid M. E., “A review of induction motors signature analysis as a medium for faults detection”, IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, vo. 47, no. 5, pp. 984–993, 2000.
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[16] B.H. Kwon, J.H, Jung, J.J. Lee, “Online diagnosis of induction motors using MCSA”, IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1842–1852, 2006.
[17] J.A. Ortega, J.A. Rosero, A.G. Espinosa and J. Cusido, L. Romeral, “Fault detection in induction machines using power spectral density in wavelet decomposition”, IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 633-643, 2008.
[18] J. Folch, M.P.M. Palomares, J.A. Antonio-Daviu, M. Riera-Guasp, “Validation of new method for the diagnosis of rotor bar failures via wavelet transform in industrial induction machines”, IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 990-996, 2006.
[19] J. Regnier, J. Faucher, M. Blolt, “Distinguishing load torque oscillations and eccentricity faults in induction motors using stator current Wigner distributions”, IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 1449-1456, 2009.
[20] J. Aller, T. Habetler, R. Harley S. Rajagopalan, J. A. Restrepo, “Nonstationary motor fault detection using recent quadratic time frequency representations”, IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 735-744, 2008.
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Artificial Intelligence in the field of Education: A Systematic Study of Artificial Intelligence Impact on Safe Teaching Learning Process with Digital Technology
1K.R.Sowmia and 2 S.Poonkuzhali
1Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College,Thandalam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
2Professor, Department of Information Technology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College. Rajalakshmi Engineering College,Thandalam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Pages: 1566-1583
Abstract: [+]
According to different surveys, Artificial Intelligence in the field of Education (AIEd) is identified as the booming area in digital technology now.[1] The various pedagogical teaching-learning processes in education has more impact and advantage in current years. Educators using AIEd will have a meaningful impact on the teaching learning process. In the current scenario of education, there exists a gap between the knowledge gained by the students and teaching learning process. Also, the understanding levels of students vary from rapid learning by few students with very slow learning by few students. In the present scenario, the world is moving towards the advancement of data and communication, innovation quickly. Digital Technology has promoted skill based e-learning training system in all educational institutions. An increase in the usage of AIEd will add a further positive reflection to moral and institutional methodologies in the implementation of AIEd. This paper looks to give us a survey of AIEd impact. This paper investigates four regions of AIEd applications to help administrations, institutional and managerial administrations, such as: 1. Preparing and Forecasting 2. Evaluation and Appraisal 3. Robust Framework and Personalization 4. The Smart Coaching System.This paper also explores the AI tools used in education, the challenges, risks of AIEd and the requirement for investigation of institutional methodologies in AIEd.
Keywords:  Artificial intelligence, The Smart Coaching System, Intelligent virtual reality, Machine learning, Digital Technology
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Smart Poultry Monitoring and Control System- A Suitable Approach for Environmental Issues in Poultry Farming
1V Mekala, 2K S TamilSelvan, 3R Swathi, 4P SivaRanjani, 5M Manimegalai
1Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, India.
2Associate Professor, Department of ECE, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India.
3PG Scholar, Embedded Systems, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, India.
4Professor, Department of ECE, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, India.
5Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, India.
Pages: 1584-1598
Abstract: [+]
The major agricultural business includes Poultry Management. The poultry requirements get increased with the increase in population and the requirement is difficult to meet. The identification of the disease in the early stage is very difficult and main challenge is to avoid spreading the disease. Intense training and labor is required in most of the times. One such system was proposed to found out the affected ones and to monitor affected hen from the farm. This system provides an effective solution and helps in early identification of sick. The main target is to build an automated poultry farm with an regulated environment. The sound analysis for poultry industry will be done second stage of work. The audio signal in poultry farm is recorded using microphone. The four microphones are placed at the four corners of the poultry farm. The RGB camera is placed at the center of the poultry farm. The RGB camera is used to find the location of the affected hen from the poultry farm based on the input from the microphone. This proposed system helps to monitor the poultry health and diseases. The affected hen can be identified with the help of microphone signal. The position of affected hen may be almost detected with RGB camera. The health of the hen also depends on the environment in poultry farm. The temperature, air movement, air composition and light are also the factors to be considered in the farm.
Keywords: Automated poultry farm, Poultry management, RGB camera, Microphone, Sound Analysis.
| References: [+]
[1] B. T. Carroll, D. V. Anderson, W. Daley, S. Harbert, D. F. Britton and M. W. Jackwood, "Detecting symptoms of diseases in poultry through audio signal processing,", IEEE Transactions on Signal and Information Processing (Global SIP), vol.7, no.5, pp.1132- 1135, 2014.
[2] W. Chansud, J. Wisanmongkol and U. Ketprom, "RFID for poultry traceability system at animal checkpoint", IEEE Transactions on Electrical Engineering / Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, vol. 56, no.3, pp.753-756, 2008.
[3] C. Chiang, C. Huang and H. Huang, "A Citric Acid Concentration Detector Used With Chicken Poultry Drinking Solution", IEEE Sensors Journal,vol.19, no.3, pp.1135-1140, 2019.
[4] M. M. Islam, S. Sourov Tonmoy, S. Quayum, A. R. Sarker, S. Umme Hani and M. A. Mannan, "Design and implementation of Automated poultry farm with Distinguish Features", 2019 International Conference on Robotics, Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST), Dhaka, Bangladesh,pp.273-276, 2019
[5] Toshiyuki Fujii, Hiroshi Yokoi, Tatsuya Tada, Kotaro Suzuki and Kenji Tsukamoto, "Poultry tracking system with camera using particle filters", IEEE Proceedings on Robotics and Biomimetics, Bangkok,vol.41, no.6, pp. 1888-1893, 2009.
[6] J. P. Jacob, G.D. Butcher, F. B. Mather, and R.D. Miles, "Common Poultry Diseases", Animal Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension, Web http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu, 2014.
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[12] H. Okada, K. Suzuki, T. Kenji and T. Itoh, "Avian influenza surveillance system in poultry farms using wireless sensor network", Symposium on Design Test Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS (DTIP), Seville, 2010, pp.253-258, 2010.
[13] Maheswaran Shanmugam and R.Asokan, “A Machine-Vision-Based Real-Time Sensor System to Control Weeds in Agricultural Fields”, Sensor Lett., vol.13,no.6, pp.489-495, 2015.
[14] V.Mekala,N.Kumaeresan, "Automatic Speech recognition system for Embedded Real Time Application Using Android -OS" National conference in advances in VLSI and Embedded Systems NCAVES'12, PID: EMB011, pp.1-6, 2012
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An Intelligent Fuzzy Based Low-Cost Winnowing Machine for Paddy, Sesame and Sorghum Grains for Pollution Free Environment
1B Vivek, 2S Maheswaran, 3N Aravind, 4S Dharavi, 5B Dhinesh Kumar
1Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Kongu Engineering College,Tamil Nadu,India.
2Associate Professor, Department of ECE, Kongu Engineering College, ,Tamil Nadu,India.
3UG Scholar, Department of ECE, Kongu Engineering College, ,Tamil Nadu,India.
4UG Scholar, Department of ECE, Kongu Engineering College, ,Tamil Nadu,India.
5UG Scholar, Department of ECE, Kongu Engineering College, ,Tamil Nadu,India.
Pages: 1599-1617
Abstract: [+]
Due to the increase in population there occurs an increase in grain consumption. Grains are considered as the first thing in the food chain because they are the base of a majority of the foods. But after harvesting grains from the field, it contains many impurities (plant, small pebbles, seed cases, etc.). The two major processes that are involved in cleaning the grains are threshing and winnowing. Threshing is the process of separating the edible part of grain from the chaff to which it is attached. Nowadays, machines are available only for the threshing process. The second step is winnowing and it will consume more manpower to separate the impurities from the grains. The conventional method to remove the non-grain particles are done manually (i.e., wind winnowing). Wind winnowing will increase the manpower and requires the use of both hands. To overcome this, it is proposed an idea of designing a low-cost winnowing machine to operate it effortlessly and conveniently. The system comprises a screw conveyor, propeller, brushless DC motor, Battery Elimination Circuit & Electronic Speed Control circuit, and a microcontroller. The Microcontroller controls the BEC & ESC circuit that drives the BLDC motor. The propeller speed is adjusted by using the Brushless DC motor which is controlled by the BEC & ESC circuit based on the PWM signal from the microcontroller. The speed of the propeller can be set by the user based on the type of the grain to be winnowed using the pushbuttons and also fine adjustments in speed can be made with the help of fuzzy logic. The proposed system would quickly remove all the unwanted substances with less manpower and the efficiency is about 95%
Keywords:  Winnowing machine, grain purification, fuzzy based, disease free, low cost
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An Optimal Machine Learning Classifier for Cloud Based Web URL Phishing Detection
1Esther Daniel, 2 S. Durga,3 N. Susila, 4S. Subha
1Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India.
3Professor, Department of Information Technology, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India
4Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.
Pages: 1618-1632
Abstract: [+]
Cloud based Web URL phishing is a crucial threat in the cyber world a decade before and even till now. An enormous web server instance is created in the cloud platform and hosted online. Phishing is an act of impersonating to achieve sensitive information from the intended recipient by deceiving them. The users access information through various mediums such as websites, emails, mobile applications, SMS, and social media. Phishing is demonstrated using a malicious URL that the attacker replicates from the original website and sends it to the target or by using a mail that injects malware in the target’s computer to obtain sensitive information. Malicious URL is detected using machine learning techniques that efficiently identifies a malicious website or a new website. Random Forest's anti-phishing classifier has outperformed to accomplish a genuine positive rate as 98.42% and false positive rate as 1.58% compared to all other ML classifiers.
Keywords:  Phishing, attacks, Machine learning, Classification, URL Phishing, cloud.
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The Impact of the Process of Layering on the Architectural Products
Theoretical Study on the Conceptual Sustainability of Creative Architectural Products
1Salahaddin Y. Baper and 2Zhiman K. Ismael
1Associate Profrssor, Department of Architectural Engineering, University of Salahadding, Erbil, Iraq.
2Master Student, Department of Architectural Engineering, University of Salahadding, Erbil, Iraq.
Pages: 1633-1652
Abstract: [+]
Design process in architecture can hide secrets. This research aims to understand layering as a conceptual sustainability of design process in architecture as well as to investigate the relationship between architectural preliminary Concepts and its final product (Form). It provides a theoretical framework of layering process which can enhance the creativity level of architectural product. The research methodology is designed to establish a model of analysis through the use of theoretical variables that can be converted into numerical results. The study concludes that layering as a conceptual sustainable process of architectural design increase the creativity of product by using simplest strategy with most complex way of arranging layers.
Keywords: Layering, Design Strategy,Sustainability, Assembly System, Creativity, Overlapping.
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[25] C. Was, “Shadow of God in the Garden of the Philosopher: The Parc de La Villette in Paris in the context of contemporary philosophical concerns,” Quart. Kwartalnik Instytutu Histoeii Sztuki Uniwersytetu Wtoctawskiego Vol.4, No.50, pp 67, 98, 2018.
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Investigation of Energy Performance in Underwater Using Acoustic Sensor Network
1G. Murugaboopathi and 2 V.Gowthami
1Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankovil, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Research Scholar, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Pages: 1653-1662
Abstract: [+]
In underwater networks, energy efficiency is crucial because hubs are often fuelled by batteries and their supply is difficult to recharge. Therefore, because underwater acoustics sensor systems are affected by natural conditions leading to irregular structured flow, significant delays in engendering and a high possibility of transmission fault, it is further significant to look at the characteristics of energy usage acceptable to create a good effective energy arrangement. Since the underwater acoustic network goes on in an unpredictable way in gaping seawater and hollow seawater, it is significant to get the energy-efficient features of both networks. Within this broadside we extant a reflection on the use of energy within systems with underwater acoustic sensors. The use of energy for various large cast gadgets is not one in gaping and hollow seawater networks, but also the impact of changing environmental surroundings.
Keywords:  Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network, Network Security, Energy-efficient, single-hop energy, bit-error rates.
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Sustainable Efficiency of Clear Water Scour at Skewed Bridge Piers Alignments for Hexagonal and Sharp-Nose Shape
1Abdul Hassan Khudair Al-Shukur and 2 Noor Saadi Hussein
1Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Babylon University, Hilla, Iraq.
2Student, Department Civil Engineering, Babylon University, Hilla, Iraq.
Pages: 1663-1678
Abstract: [+]
Twenty-four laboratory tests were carried out under steady clear-water flow conditions, near to threshold condition of starting of sediment motion, to address Sustainable Effect of pier shape and skew-angle on equilibrium depth of scouring. Alignments consisted of three hexagonal and sharp-nosed piers in one row experimented skew-angles were (0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°), spacing among piers is 2D. The largest scour depth occurs with skew-angle 45° with the flow direction gives (13 and 15) cm, in hexagonal and sharp-nosed piers occurs in sequential order. The best scour occurs when the hexagonal pier vertical to the flow direction and gives 1.5 cm at minimum flow intensities
Keywords:  Bridge Piers, Clear Water, Hexagonal, Local Scour, Piers Shape, Sharp-Nose, Skew Angle, Sustainable Efficiency.
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[5] Y. Yifan, B. W. Melville, D. M. Sheppard, Y.S. Asaad, “Clear-water local scour at skewed complex bridge piers”, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol 144,2018.
[6] E., A. Mostafa, “Scour around Skewed Bridge Piers”, PhD diss., Alexandria University, 1994
[7] Z. Bozkus, O. Yildiz, “Effect of Inclination of Bridge Piers on Scouring Depth”, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Vol 130,pp.827-832, 2004.
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Evaluation Effectiveness of Household Water Treatment System in Reduction of Physical Parameters in Contaminated Water
1Alaa Hussein Al-Fatlawi and 2Teba Saadi Hussein
1Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering,University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
2Student, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq.
Pages: 1679-1692
Abstract: [+]
A number of household treatment systems are readily available in the market. They are differing mainly in make and water purification mechanisms utilized. Most of the available household treatment devices are costly and hence there is a need to come up with cheap or affordable treatment technologies. To meet this goal, study was therefore aimed at designing and evaluating effectiveness household water treatment systems using readily available materials, and environmentally friendly such as kaolin clay, and jute fibers, and the effectiveness of these filters in decreasing physical parameters like Electrical Conductivity (E.C), Turbidity (Tur.), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). Kaolin-jute fibers filters can product sufficient cooking and drinking water for a family of small members due to their flow rates. These filters may therefore be considered for treating polluted water at household in rustic areas and places where water is taken immediately from source without treatment.
Keywords:  Contaminated Water, Flow rate, Household Water, Jute fibers, Kaolin clay, Physical Parameters, Turbidity.
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Machine Learning Based Antenna Design for Safe Wearable Applications
1Rohan Benjamin Varghese, 2T.Mary Neebha, 3 V V Sai Charan Tej Reddy,4 P.Basava Dinesh, 5Alik Chakraborty
1,3,4,5Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
2Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Pages: 1693-1703
Abstract: [+]
Wearable technology has experienced a quick growth because of its contribution in different wireless applications. Compact antenna design is the crucial component in this technology. A presentation of the machine learning technique based antenna design is dealt in this work. This is to improve the behaviors from a set of examinations to analyze a microstrip circular patch antenna using a multiple objective Jaya algorithm and genetic algorithm to develop fitness terms, which is used in wearable devices. The three objectives which are considered here are the bandwidth, central frequency shift and return loss. Every objective (demonstrated as reliant on of antenna-slit dimensions width and length of ground slit) is used in a cumulative fitness function that assessments the multiple objective performance in the work flow. The outcome of both the algorithms are compared and analyzed for the best performance. Machine learning techniques is incorporated with the efficient evolutionary computational Jaya algorithm to yield better optimization. The design is also verified using optometric tool of the electromagnetic solver. It is found that Jaya algorithm is providing the better performance during parametric analysis.
Keywords:  Machine Learning, Jaya Algorithm, Genetic algorithm, Microstrip circular patch antenna
| References: [+]
[1] Martins S.R., Lins H.W.C and Silva C.R.M, “A Self-organizing Genetic Algorithm for UWB Microstrip Antenna Optimization Using a Machine Learning Technique”, Yin H., Costa J.A.F., Barreto G. (eds), Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol .7435, 2012.
[2] Mishra, Raj., Mishra, Ranjan., Kuchhal, Piyush and Kumari, Prasanthi, “Analysis of the Microstrip Patch Antenna designed using Genetic Algorithm based Optimization for Wide-Band Applications”, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 118, no. 11, pp.841-849, 2018.
[3] El Misilmani, Hilal and Naous, Tarek, “Machine Learning in Antenna Design: An Overview on Machine Learning Concept and Algorithms”,The 17th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Simulation, 2019.
[4] G. Sudhakaran, B. Kandipati, G. B. Surya, V. K. Shree, M. Sivaprasad and M. Jayakumar, "Evolutionary algorithm based structural optimization for patch antenna design and performance analysis", International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), Udupi, 2017.
[5] Lamsalli, Mohammed., Hamichi, Abdelouahab., Boussouis, Mohamed & Touhami, Naima and Elhamadi, Taj-Eddin, “Genetic algorithm optimization for microstrip patch antenna miniaturization”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol.60, pp.113-120, 2016.
[6] Hong, Tao., Liu, Cong and Kadoch, Michel, “Machine Learning Based Antenna Design for Physical Layer Security in Ambient Backscatter Communications”, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, pp. 1-10, 2019.
[7] Venkata Rao, Ravipudi., “Jaya: A simple and new optimization algorithm for solving constrained and unconstrained optimization problems”, International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, pp.19-34, 2016.
[8] Ravipudi, Jaya and Neebha, Mary, “Synthesis of linear antenna arrays using Jaya, self-adaptive Jaya and chaotic Jaya algorithms”, AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol.92, pp.54-63, 2018.
[9] J Joung, “Machine Learning-Based Antenna Selection in Wireless Communications”, IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 2241-2244, 2016
[10] Silva, C.R.M. and Martins, S.R., “An Adaptive Evolutionary Algorithm for UWB Microstrip Antennas Optimization Using a Machine Learning Technique”, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol.55, pp. 1864-1868, 2013.
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Solar Powered EV Charging Station with G2V and V2G Charging Configuration
1Sarah Mary Thomas and2S Sheik Mohammed
1Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics, Thangal Kunju Musaliar College of Engineering, Kollam, India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics, Thangal Kunju Musaliar College of Engineering, Kollam, India. E-mail:ssheikmd@yahoo.co.in
Pages: 1704-1731
Abstract: [+]
In the past few decades, Electric Vehicles have gained more popularity among consumers. This led to the demand for improved and energy efficient charging facilities for electric vehicles. Though EVs are considered to be the alternative solution for CO2 emission, energy required for charging the EV is generated using fossil fuels only. Researches driven into Solar powered charging infrastructure for Electric Vehicles to improve the sustainability and effectiveness. A solar powered charging station for electric vehicles withG2V and V2G charging configuration is discussed in this paper. The proposed model is built and designed in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation is carried out for various input conditions and the results are obtained.
Keywords: Electric Vehicle, Solar Power, Vehicle to Grid, Grid to Vehicle, DC-DC converters, Simulation.
| References: [+]
[1] F. Altun, S. A. Tekin, S. Gürel and M. Cernat, "Design and Optimization of Electric Cars. A Review of Technological Advances," 8th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), Brasov, Romania, pp. 645-650, 2019.
[2] Chao-Tsung Ma, “System Planning of Grid-Connected Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and Key Technologies: A Review”, Energies, Vol. 12, pp. 4201-4223, 2019.
[3] Mo, Wangyi and Yang, Chao and Chen, Xin and Lin, Kangjie and Duan, Shuaiqi,” Optimal Charging Navigation Strategy Design for Rapid Charging Electric Vehicles”, Energies Vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 962-980, 2019.
[4] Y. Zhang, J. Chen, L. Cai and J. Pan, "Expanding EV Charging Networks Considering Transportation Pattern and Power Supply Limit," in IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 6332-6342, 2019.
[5] Savio, D.A.,Juliet, V.A., Chokkalingam, B., Padmanaban, S., Holm- Nielsen, J.B., Blaabjerg, F., “Photovoltaic Integrated Hybrid Microgrid Structured Electric Vehicle Charging Station and Its Energy Management Approach”, Energies, Vol. 12, pp. 168-196, 2019.
[6] Hassan Fathabadi, “Novel solar powered electric vehicle charging station with the capability of vehicle-to-grid”, Solar Energy, Vol. 142, pp. 136-143, 2017.
[7] Lia Kouchachvili, Wahiba Yaïci, EVgueniy Entchev, “Hybrid battery/supercapacitor energy storage system for the electric vehicles”, Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 374, pp. 237-248, 2018.
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[11] Mohammed S. Sheik & Devaraj D., “Simulation of incremental conductance MPPT based two phase interleaved boost converter using MATLAB/simulink”, IEEE International Conference on Electrical Computer and Communication Technologies, pp. 1-6, 2015.
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Various Techniques on Identifying the Existence of Forgery Content in Digital Images for Safe Engineering Applications
1J.Monica Esther, 2D. Ponmary Pushpa Latha, 3S. Thanga Helina
1AssistantProfessor, Department of Information Technology, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, India.
2Associate Professor,Department of Digital Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India.
3Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
Pages: 1732-1749
Abstract: [+]
With the application of engineering and technologies in the field of communication has undergone tremendous advancement in this digital world. As the peer groups are communicating with each other through Internet, the safe way of exchanging the information is a big question. A vast data has been engenderedand transferred between peer groups in day-to-day life through social media. The images transferred at times are not transferred as such, but they are forged by many people with the help of image processing tools hence leading to the misuse of the data. This makes it complicated to identify whether the images received are the original one or a tampered one. As the rate of image alteration and misusing increases rapidly with a motive of criminal activities, people are getting affected both mentally and physically. It has become one of the communal problems now a days, which paves way for the Researchers to carry out researches on identifying the presence image forging. This paper discusses on a significant image forgery approach called Copy Move Image Forgery and discusses various copy move image forgery detection techniques that is present in the research paper.
Keywords:  Image, Copy-Move, tampering, image forgery, Safe Engineering.
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[1] Unmukh Datta & Chetna Sharma, “Analysis of copy-move image forgery detection” International Journal of advanced research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering(IJARCSEE), Vol.2, no.8, pp. 607 – 609, 2013.
[2] Alessandro Piva, "An Overview on Image Forensics," ISRN Signal Processing”, Vol. 2013, 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/496701
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[5] Tu K Huynh, Khoa V Huynh, Thuong Le-Tien, and Sy C Nguyen, “A survey on image forgery detection techniques”, International Conference on Research, Innovation, and Vision for the Future (RIVF) – IEEE, pp. 71–76, 2015.
[6] Shivakumar B L, Baboo S S. “Detection of region duplication forgery in digital images using SURF”. International Journal of Computer Science, Vol.8, no.4 pp.199–205, 2011.
[7] Chi-Man Pun, Xiao-Chen Yuan, and Xiu-Li Bi,” Image forgery detection using adaptive oversegmentation and feature point matching”, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol.10, no.8, pp. 1705–1716, 2015.
[8] Mohammad Farukh Hashmi, Vijay Anand, and Avinash G Keskar, “A copy-move image forgery detection based on speeded up robust feature transform and wavelet transforms”, International Conference on Computer and Communication Technology (ICCCT), pp. 147–152, 2014.
[9] Mariam Saleem, M Qasim Altaf, and Qaiser Chaudry, “A comparative analysis on pixel-based blind cloning techniques”, International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE) , IEEE, pp. 130–135, 2014.
[10] Xu Bo, Wang Junwen, Liu Guangjie, and Dai Yuewei, “Image copymove forgery detection based on SURF”, International Conference on Multimedia Information Networking and Security (MINES), pp. 889–892, 2010.
[11] J. Fridrich, B. Soukal, and A. Lukas, “Detection of copymove forgery in digital images”, In Proceedings of Digital Forensic Research Workshop, pp. 55-61, 2003.
[12] Sunil Kumar, Jagannath Desai, Shaktidev Mukherjee, ”A Fast DCT Based Method for Copy-moveForgery Detection", International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP) ,IEEE, pp.649 – 654, Dec. 2013.
[13] Rohini.A.Maind, Alka Khade, D.K.Chitre, "Image Copy-move Forgery Detection using Block Representing Method", International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE), Vol. 4, no.2, pp. 2231-2307, 2014.
[14] GuangjieLiua, JunwenWanga, ShiguoLianb, ZhiquanWanga, "A passive image authentication scheme for detecting region-duplication forgery with rotation", Journal of Network and Computer Applications , Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 1557–1565, 2011
[15] Ghulam Muhammad, Muhammad Hussain, "Passive Detection of CopyMove Image Forgery using Undecimated Wavelets and Zernike Moments", Information Journal, Vol.16, No.5, pp. 2957-2964, 2013.
[16] Meena, K.B., Tyagi, V., “A copy-move image forgery detection technique based on Gaussian-Hermite moments” . Multimed Tools Appl .,Vol. 78, pp.33505–33526, 2019.
[17] Chen-Ming Hsua , Jen-Chun Leeb , and Wei-Kuei Chena, “An Efficient detection algorithm for Copy-Move Forgery”, 10th Asia Joint Conference on Information Security, 2015.
[18] J. Wang, G. Liu, H. Li, Y. Dai, and Z. Wang, "Detection of image region duplication forgery using model with circle block," International Coriference on Multimedia lnformation Networking and Security, (MINES'09) ,IEEE, Vol. 1, pp. 25 – 29, 2009.
[19] V. K. Singh and R. Tripathi, "Fast and efficient region duplication detection in digital images using sub-blocking method," International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, vol. 35, pp. 93-102, 2011.
[20] H.-J. Lin, C.-W. Wang, Y.-T. Kao et aI., "Fast copy-move forgery detection," WSEAS Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 188-197, 2009.
[21] W. Luo, J. Huang, and G. Qiu, "Robust detection of region-duplication forgery in digital image," 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition(ICPR'06), IEEE, pp. 746-749, 2006.
[22] E. Ardizzone, A. Bruno, and G. Mazzola, "Copy-move forgery detection via texture description," 2nd ACM workshop on Multimedia in forensics, security and intelligence ,ACM, pp. 59-64, 2010.
[23] Michael Zimba, Sun Xingming, "Fast and Robust Image Cloning Detection using Block Characteristics of DWT Coefficients", International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications. Vol. 5, No. 7, pp. 359 – 366, 2011.
[24] Saba Mushtaq, Ajaz Hussain Mir," Forgery Detection Using Statistical Features", International Conference on Innovative Applications of Computational Intelligence on Power, Energy and Controls with their Impact on Humanity (CIPECH14), 2014.
[25] D. M. Uliyan, H. A. Jalab and A. W. A. Wahab, "Copy move image forgery detection using Hessian and center symmetric local binary pattern," International Conference on Open Systems (ICOS),IEEE, pp. 7-11, 2015.
[26] Ardakan, Mostafa & Yerokh, Masoud & Saffar, Mostafa., “A New Method to Copy-Move Forgery Detection in Digital Images Using Gabor Filter”, International Conference on Fundamental Research in Electrical Engineering, pp 115-134, 2018
[27] H.-C. Hsu and M.-S. Wang, "Detection of copy-move forgery image using gabor descriptor," International Conference on Anti Counterfeiting, Security and Identification (A SID , 12) , IEEE, pp. 1-4, 2012.
[28] Bo Liu, Chi-Man Pun, " A SIFT and Local Features Based Integrated Method for Copy-Move Attack Detection in Digital Image", International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA), IEEE , pp. 865 - 869, 2013.
[29] Irene Amerini, Lamberto Ballan, Roberto Caldelli, Member, Alberto Del Bimbo, Member, and Giuseppe Serra, “A SIFT-Based Forensic Method for Copy–Move Attack Detection and Transformation Recovery”, IEEE transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 1099 – 1100, 2011.
[30] Ju zhang, Qiuqiruan,Yijin, " Combined SIFT and bicoherence features to detect image forgery", International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP), pp. 1859 - 1863, 2014.
[31] TakwaChihaoui, Sami Bourouis, and Kamel Hamrouni, " Copymove image forgery detection based on SIFT descriptors and SVD-matching", 1st International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing – ATSIP, pp. 125 - 129, 2014.
[32] Bay, H. & Ess, A. & Tuytelaars, T. & Van Gool, Luc, “SURF: Speeded up robust features”, Computer Vision and Image Understanding. pp. 346–359, 2008.
[33] W. C. N. Kaura and S. Dhavale, "Analysis of SIFT and SURF features for copy-move image forgery detection", International Conference on Innovations in Information, Embedded and Communication Systems (ICIIECS), pp. 1-4, 2017
[34] Mishra, Parul& Mishra, Nishchol & Sharma, Sanjeev & Patel, Ravindra., ”Region Duplication Forgery Detection Technique Based on SURF and HAC“, The Scientific World Journal. 2013.
[35] Veena S Babu , Akhil Paulose, Shalu Krishna G, “Digital Image Forgery Detection Using SURF”, IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 144-146, 2016.
[36] C. Wang, Z. Zhang and X. Zhou, "An image copy-move forgery detection scheme based on A-KAZE and SURF features", Symmetry, Vol. 10, No. 12, 2018.
[37] Chen, L., Lu, W., Ni, J., Sun, W., Huang, J. , “Region duplication detection based on harris corner points and step sector statistics”, Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation. Vol. 24, No. 3,pp.244–254, 2013.
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[39] Zhao, J. and J. Guo, “Passive forensics for copy-move image forgery using a method based on DCT and SVD”, Forensic science international, Vol. 233, No. 1, pp. 158-166, 2013.
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[41] J. Zhong and C. Pun, "An End-to-End Dense-InceptionNet for Image Copy-Move Forgery Detection", IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol. 15, pp. 2134-2146, 2020.
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Fuzzy Optimization of Mediation on Behavioral Study Using Membership Grade Functions
1R.Vanitha and 2D.Kalpanapriya
1Department of Mathematics, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu,India.
2Department of Mathematics, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Pages: 1750-1761
Abstract: [+]
A variable that roots between the dependent and independent variables is a mediator. The fundamental roles in data analysis necessitate various variables mainly when the new variables are inflated among reliant and self-sufficient variables. Several areas especially in psychology, industry, edification, science, production area, etc mediation analysis is obliged that desire regression analysis. For many studies mediation analysis is feasible. In addition to it, using fuzzy mediation theory whenever the variables are not plainly distinct at times it is much more logical to articulate the data. For instance, the variables using fuzzy numbers are superior to articulate than using real numbers (crisp numbers). Some models of unclear mediation study using membership grade functions on behavioral science have been proposed in this study with few examples. The entire, straight and not direct effects are found out using psychological data for the mediator and confounding variable to exist. Also the standard error and confidence intervals are estimated.
Keywords: Simple mediation, Fuzzy mediation, Parallel mediation, Imprecise data, Membership function.
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Comprehensive Study of Parkinson’s Disease Prediction
1,2 S.Jebapriya, 3Arockia Jansi Rani, 4A.Shamila Ebenezer
1Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirnelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India.
3Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, ManonmaniamSundaranarUniversity, Tirnelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
4Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology andSciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Pages: 1762-1775
Abstract: [+]
In this work, a systematic analysis of different methodologies is used for predicting Parkinson’s disease. This study focused on the classification of affected patients from healthy patients by analysing different datasets of the said subjects. The various methods such as imaging techniques, UPDRS, speech, handwriting, spiral and signals were utilized to predict the disease. Machine learning techniques are employed to summarize the responses. The outcome from this study highlights the breadth of patient experience with PD and the importance of approaches for dealing with both motor and non-motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease.
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, SPECT imaging, handwriiten data, spiral data, speech signal, machine learning techniques
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Environmental Assessment for Rainwater Harvesting at GITAM Campus
1*A Bharath, 2M Manjunatha M, 3Ranjitha B Tangadagi, 4S Preethi
1*,2,3,4Assistant Professor,Department of Civil Engineering, GITAM University, Bengaluru, India.
Pages: 1776-1785
Abstract: [+]
Water shortage is a serious issue all over the world for both urban and rural areas. Due to rapid population growth and ever-expanding demand for water, pressures are genuinely mounting on the resources. Precipitation is the most legitimately accessible water source. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has gained attention as an alternate source of water. In this study, an attempt is made to assess the rainwater harvesting potential for GITAM deemed to be university, Bengaluru campus. The campus is situated in Doddaballapura which receives an average annual rainfall of 755mm. The study reveals that annually 96,12,544 litres of water can be collected and utilized for the non-potable purposes.
Keywords:  Water scarcity, rainwater, rooftop rainwater harvesting, runoff, runoff co-efficient, Gringorten method, probability of exceedance.
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[1] Oladapo Titus Okareh, Ilyas Shittu andAkinwale O. Coker “Development of rainwater harvesting technology for securing domestic water supply in Ibadan, Nigeria,” Int. Res. J. Eng. Sci. Technol. Innov., vol. 04, no. 01, 2015.
[2] T. Diehl de Souza and E. Ghisi, “Harvesting rainwater from scaffolding platforms and walls to reduce potable water consumption at buildings construction sites,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 258, 2020.
[3] D. C. Nguyen and M. Y. Han, “Proposal of simple and reasonable method for design of rainwater harvesting system from limited rainfall data,” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 126, pp. 219–227, 2017.
[4] Shadmehri Toosi, E. Ghasemi Tousi, S. A. Ghassemi, A. Cheshomi, and S. Alaghmand, “A multi-criteria decision analysis approach towards efficient rainwater harvesting,” J. Hydrol., vol. 582, 2020.
[5] Santos, M. A. Imteaz, E. Ghisi, and C. Matos, “The effect of climate change on domestic Rainwater Harvesting,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 729, 2020.
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[10] N. Alamdari, D. J. Sample, J. Liu, and A. Ross, “Assessing climate change impacts on the reliability of rainwater harvesting systems,” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., vol. 132, 2017.
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[15] D. RAES, “Frequency analysis of rainfall data,” Coll. Soil Phys. 30th Anniv. (1983 - 2013), pp. 42, 2013.
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Prediction of Vehicle Safety System Using Internet of Things
1Battula Bhavya, 2Anusha Viswanadapalli, 3Praveen Nelapati, 4G.Shankar, 5,*T.P.Latchoumi
1,2,4,5Department of Computer Science and Engineering, VFSTR (Deemed to be University), Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
3Department of Computer Science and Engineering, NRI Institute of technology, Visalada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Pages: 1786-1798
Abstract: [+]
Sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) together are used to build a car prediction system. Designing a car prediction system is for car maintenance, parking availability, and some other service information by analyzing the data from a centralized system. After monitoring every functionality of the car, it can report the status of the car to obtain a good way of service. In the existing system, the person has to monitor and analyze all the functionality of the car manually such as seat belt, tire pressure, spare parts, and parking space. Here in the proposed system, the hybrid technology Message Queuing Telemetry Protocol (MQTT) protocol, IoT, and sensors to overcome the existing car safety issues. MQTT protocol is used to communicate with sensors and collect data from the sensors, after analyzing the collected information device sensor data it alerts the user through mail about unexpected failures. The proposed system aims to indicate the user about safe engineering of the vehicle before the failure of a system.
Keywords: Internet of Things, Raspberry pi, Predictive maintenance, Message Queuing Telemetry Protocol, Pressure sensor, IR slot sensor, Vehicle safety.
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[7] J. Chen, Z.C. Wu, J. Zhang, “Driving Safety Risk Prediction Using Cost-Sensitive With Nonnegativity-Constrained Autoencoders Based on Imbalanced Naturalistic Driving Data”, IEEE Transactions On Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 20 , No.12, pp. 4450 - 4465, 2019.
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[9] Y. Tian, L. Pan, “Predicting short-term traffic flow by long short-term memory recurrent neural network,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Smart City/SocialCom/SustainCom (SmartCity), pp. 153–158, 2015.
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Secure Recommendation Application for Environment Crop Using Big Data Analytics with Fuzzy Framework
1,*T.P.Ezhilarasi and K. Sashi Rekha
1Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, India.
2Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, India.
Pages: 1799-1815
Abstract: [+]
Recommender system (RS) has turned out to be the most popular model and utilized in diverse fields like movies, books, music, and diverse products. This work concentrates on modeling and effectual RS model for agricultural fields of various algorithms like fruits and vegetables that are made and RS may offer recommendations of products which customers may order. Data acquired over certain months regarding the consumption of diverse items that are ordered via websites are utilized for implementation and modeling RS system. Data pre-processing is performed by reducing dimensionality to make more precise and secure data. Agriculture culture requires planning, security, decision making, and other involved factors that influence it. A conceptual model is proposed to implement the big data Technologies at the farming level. Here, an improved decision system is used to recommend various items and assist farmers to offer optimal and therefore increases profit. This article solved issues in the existing system and developed privacy, quality, availability, infrastructure, expense, and investment over the field. Simulation has been done in MATLAB environment. This fuzzy-based model to secure the items that is consumed by every customer; therefore farmers may produce items based on their essential choices. This model provides the crop recommendation to the customers with high safeness.
Keywords:  Agriculture, Data processing, Big data Analytics, Dimensionality reduction, Safety crop recommendation system.
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[8] A. Dath, M. Balakrishnan, “Development of an expert system for agricultural commodities”, International Journal of Computer Science & Applications, Vol.2, No.7, pp. 25-36, 2013.
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[14] V. B. Khyade, M. Eigen, “Key Role of Statistics for the Fortification of Concepts in Agricultural Studies”, International Academic Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 20-34, 2019.
[15] Lila, Rajabion, M Khorraminia, A Andjomshoaa, M Ghafouri-Azar, H Molavi, "A new model for assessing the impact of the urban intelligent transportation system, farmers’ knowledge and business processes on the success of green supply chain management system for urban distribution of agricultural products”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 50, No.6, pp.154-162, 2019.
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[18] S. K. Jadhav, S. J. Yelapure, V. M. Babar, “Rule based Expert System in the Use of Inorganic Fertilizers for Sugarcane Crop”, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 34-42, 2011.
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[20] M. Ye, Z. Tang, J. B. Xu, L. F. Jin, “Recommender system for e-learning based on semantic relatedness of concepts”, Information, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 443–453, 2013.
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Analysis of Energy Efficient Multiple Cluster Reliable Agglomeration of Data Scheme in WSN
1A.Jeniceprabhu and 2D. Hevin Rajesh
1Assistant Professor, Computer Science & Engineering ,DMI Engineering College,Aralvoimozhi,India.
2Associate professor, Computer Science & Engineering, St. Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering,Chunkankadai ,India.
Pages: 1816-1834
Abstract: [+]
Security and energy utilization have an immediate effect over wireless sensor networks and system execution. This paper exhibits multiple cluster secure data aggregation scheme (MCSDA) for energy preservation. In this paper, a coordinated scheme that administers secure neighbor determination, energy effective routing and data aggregation that serves the multi-objective requirement for WSN. MCSDA averts the repetitive information broadcast from sensor hubs to cluster heads. When the hubs receive similar information, MCSDA first places everything except one into the rest-dynamic mode, then create design codes correspond to the qualities of information detected with detector fulcrums. Agglomeration leads (CH) accomplish accruement of facts hanging on plan keys. Because of the utilization of these design ciphers, CH don’t have to realize the detector particulars to accomplish accruement of facts, which authorizes detector fulcrums to exhibit cautious and sound transmission. The performance of MCSDA has been evaluated using various metrics such as throughput, time delay, accuracy, packet loss and packet delivery ratio then compared with CSDA. The execution results show that MCSDA can effectively decrease energy at a maximum value of 10%and throughput of 51% with a proficient and routing of information over the WSN system.
Keywords: Data Aggregation, wireless sensor network, Throughput, rest-dynamic mode, energy
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[2] Khaled Hadi, “Analysis of Exploiting Geographic Routing for Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks”, Proceedings of Computer Science, vol. 151, pp. 439–446, 2019
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[17] O. Younis, and S. Fahmy, “Heed: a hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks”, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol. 3, pp.366–379, 2004.
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[19] R. K. Yadav, D. Gupta, D.K.Lobiyal, “Energy-efficient probabilistic clustering technique for data aggregation in wireless sensor network”, Wireless Personnel Communication, Vol. 96, pp. 4099–4113, 2017.
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Soil Wetness Sensor Based Automatic Sprinkling Management System Using IC555
1B Swapna, 2P Divya, 3V Bharathi Devi, 4B Rengammal Sankari, 5P Pushpamitra
1Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Dr. M.G.R Educational & Research Institute University, Chennai, India.
2,3Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Dr. M.G.R Educational & Research Institute University, Chennai, India.
4Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Dr. M.G.R Educational & Research Institute University, Chennai.
5Student, Department of CSE, Dr. M.G.R Educational & Research Institute University, Chennai , India.
Pages: 1816-1834
Abstract: [+]
Automatic sprinkling system using soil wetness sensor which senses the wetness content of the soil and this will automatically switch on the power of the pump. This structure computerizes the system of water process in this way lessening the manual intercession and the water misfortunes. It is more helpful in the places where water scarcity is seen more. The sensor monitors the wetness level of soil. When soil gets dried the pump will automatically start to water the plants. The whole point of the execution is to lessen water uses and the system of water can be utilized to spare time, for low force screen gadget. The point of the usage this task was to exhibit, the plant water system that can be utilized to decrease water usage, and spare our time. Hence soil wetness sensor based automatic sprinkling management system using IC555 gives the immense pleasure to farmers.
Keywords: Sprinkling System, Soil wetness sensor, soil management, water resource, IC555
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[4] Obade V de Paul, R. Lal, “Towards a standard technique for soil quality assessment”, Geoderma, vol. 265, pp. 96-102, 2016.
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Pair Matching Methodology for Local Energy Markets
1S.Kuruseelan and 2C.Vaithilingam
1Assistant Professor, School of Electrical Engineering,Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai ,TamilNadu, India.
2Associate Professor, School of Electrical Engineering,Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai ,TamilNadu, India.
Pages: 1845-1855
Abstract: [+]
The increase in the penetration of renewable energy generation technologies at the household level has led to the development of local energy trading. The local energy trading within a community reduces the dependency of the community on the main grid and reduces the electricity bill of the consumers. This paper proposes a pair matching methodology within the local energy market for the energy buyers and sellers. Firstly, the pair matching methodology maximizes the surplus power to be shared by considering the network constraints at the seller’s premises. Secondly, the sharing pairs are identified between the sellers and buyers taking into the account of congested lines. Thirdly, the best sharing pairs are recommended by the local aggregator based on the network parameters. The proposed methodology is tested using a benchmark low voltage microgrid network
Keywords: Prosumer, Peer to Peer, energy trading, congestion, energy sharing pair.
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Landslide Susceptibility Mapping of Settlements and Transportation Corridors Along the Himalayan Region, India
1C Prakasam, 2R Aravinth, 3Varinder S Kanwar, 4 B. Nagarajan
1Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
2Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
3Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India.
4Visiting Professor, Centre for Geodesy, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Pages: 1856-1877
Abstract: [+]
In recent years’ rapid climate change and urbanization leads to huge amount of landslides along Transportation corridors and settlement areas leading to immense Economic and human loss. The present research paper evaluates the Susceptibility of Transportation corridors and settlements along Rampur Tehsil, Shimla district due to Landslide occurrences. Thematic Layers such as Landuse, Slope Morphometry, Relative Relief, Geology, Soil, Landslide Inventory and Rainfall has been derived from various sources such as Survey of India Topographical maps, Physical parameters from Soil and Landuse Survey of India, CartoDEM, Sentinel 2A sensors and Indian Meteorological Department have been used to derive the Landslide vulnerable zones. Fuzzy Logic method has been used to categorize landslide vulnerable. The results were then integrated through the relation of Landslide Inventories with causative factors to produce landslide vulnerability zones. The results show that based on the landslide inventory nearly 44% of the landslides occur along the High rate of landslide vulnerable zones and 56% occurred The settlements that are located along the banks of River Sutlej are high susceptible to landslide activities and initiation compared to that of settlements in other regions of the study area. A greater number of settlements belong into higher risk zones with a 62.5 % and 26% of them live under moderately vulnerable zones and 11% live under very high vulnerable zones etc. A greater amount of roadways falls into high risk category.
Keywords: Susceptibility Mapping, Landslide Inventory, Vulnerability Assessment, Fuzzy Logic.
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[20] Prakash, Surya “Historical Records of Socio-economically Significant Landslides in India” Journal of South Asian Studies, vol. 4, no.2, pp 177-204, 2016.
[21] Raghuvanshi, Tarun Kumar, Lensa Negassa, P M Kala “GIS Based Grid Overlay Method versus Modeling Approach - A Comparative Study for Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ) in Meta Robi District of West Showa Zone in Ethiopia”, Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, vol. 18, no. 2, pp 235–250, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2015.08.001.
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Estimation of Premature Bearing Faults in a Three Phase Induction Motor Using S-Transform
1K. C. Deekshit Kompella, 2Avinash Pendyala, 2Neeradi Sukrutha, 2P. Abhinav Raj
1Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Sreenidhi Institute of Science & technology, Hyderabad, India.
2Student, Department of EEE, Sreenidhi Institute of Science & technology, Hyderabad, India.
Pages: 1878-1896
Abstract: [+]
This paper develops a new analysis for diagnosis of several bearing defects in induction motors using current spectral analysis. Among the various electrical machines, induction motors are used in numerous applications because of its stalwart structure, simple operation, flexible speed control etc. Despite of its advantages, it often undergoes several disorders during its functioning in industrial process. Therefore, it is needful to perform continuous monitoring over periodical monitoring to avoid unexpected shutdown of the industry. This work presents mainly about various bearing related faults like outer race, inner race, cage break down fault and ball fault. There are many monitoring techniques like Motor current signature analysis, vibration Monitoring, Chemical Monitoring, Temperature Monitoring, Acoustic Emission Monitoring and Noise Monitoring.Because of its advantages like non-intrusive, non-invasive, cost effective current monitoring is preferred over the other monitoring techniques stated above. In the proposed work, various single and multiple faults related to bearing are created manually and responses to these faults areanalyzed through spectral graphs. The analysis is done using stator current monitoring withS-transform as spectral analysis tool. The proposed topology is tested using MATLAB Programming and Experimental setup with 1.5kW,4-pole, 50Hz, three phase Induction motor.
Keywords: Bearing faults, induction motor, motor current signature analysis, notch filter, S-Transform.
| References: [+]
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[2] Kompella, K. D., Rao, M. V. G., Rao, R. S., & Sreenivasu, R. N., “ Estimation of nascent stage bearing faults of induction motor by stator current signature using adaptive signal processing”, Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON),pp. 1-5, IEEE,2013.
[3] Guedidi, S., Zouzou, S. E., Laala, W., Sahraoui, M., & Yahia, K., “ Broken bar fault diagnosis of induction motors using MCSA and neural network”, In 8th IEEE Symposium on Diagnostics for Electrical Machines, Power Electronics & Drives, pp. 632-637, IEEE,2011.
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[5] Nandi, S., Toliyat, H. A., and Li, X, “Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of electrical motors—A review”, IEEE transactions on energy conversion, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 719-729, 2005.
[6] Siddiqui, K. M., Sahay, K., &Giri, V. K, “Health monitoring and fault diagnosis in induction motor-a review”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 6549-6565, 2014.
[7] Siddique, A., Yadava, G. S., and Singh, B, “A review of stator fault monitoring techniques of induction motors”, IEEE transactions on energy conversion, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 106-114, 2005.
[8] Benbouzid, M. E. H., Vieira, M., and Theys, C, “Induction motors' faults detection and localization using stator current advanced signal processing techniques”, IEEE Transactions on power electronics, vol. 14, no. 1, pp.14-22,1999.
[9] Mehala, N., & Dahiya, R, “Motor current signature analysis and its applications in induction motor fault diagnosis”, International journal of systems applications, engineering & development, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 29-35, 2007.
[10] Krishna, M. S. R., and Ravi, K. S, “Fault diagnosis of induction motor using motor current signature analysis”, International Conference on Circuits, Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT), pp. 180-186, IEEE, 2013.
[11] Ingale, R., “Harmonic analysis using FFT and STFT”, International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 345-362, 2014.
[12] Mehala, N., & Dahiya, R., “A comparative study of FFT, STFT and wavelet techniques for induction machine fault diagnostic analysis”, In Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS international conference on computational intelligence, man-machine systems and cybernetics, Cairo, Egypt, vol. 2931, 2008
[13] Cusid Ó Cusido, J., Romeral, L., Ortega, J. A., Rosero, J. A., & Espinosa, A. G., “Fault detection in induction machines using power spectral density in wavelet decomposition”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 633-643, 2008.
[14] Siddiqui, K. M., &Giri, V. K., “Broken rotor bar fault detection in induction motors using wavelet transform”, International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET), pp. 1-6, IEEE, 2012.
[15] Frosini, L., & Bassi, E., “Stator current and motor efficiency as indicators for different types of bearing faults in induction motors”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial electronics, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 244-251, 2009.
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[17] V. Climente-Alarcon, J. A. Antonino-Daviu, M. Riera-Guasp and M. Vlcek, "Induction Motor Diagnosis by Advanced Notch FIR Filters and the Wigner–Ville Distribution", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 61, no. 8, pp. 4217-4227, 2014.
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[19] Singh, M., & Shaik, A. G., “Bearing fault diagnosis of a three-phase induction motor using stockwell transform”, IEEE Annual India Conference (INDICON), pp. 1-6, IEEE.,2016.
[20] Singh, M., & Shaik, A. G., “Bearing fault diagnosis of a three-phase induction motor using stockwell transform”, IEEE Annual India Conference (INDICON), pp. 1-6, IEEE.,2016.
[21] Singh, Megha, and Abdul Gafoor Shaik, "Application of stockwell transform in bearing fault diagnosis of induction motor," IEEE 7th Power India International Conference (PIICON), IEEE, 2016.
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A 900 MHz Gilbert Cell Down Conversion Mixer Design in 180nm CMOS Technology for Wireless Applications
Abhay Chaturvedi
Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, IET, GLA University, Mathura (U.P.), India
Pages: 1897-1908
Abstract: [+]
A Gilbert cell down conversion mixer is designed for RF, IF and LO frequency of 900 MHz, 45 MHz and 855 MHz respectively using 180 nm CMOS technology. The 900 MHz band is one of the most widely used frequency spectrum for different wireless applications including emerging narrow band Internet of things (NB-IOT) standard. The presented mixer utilizes Gilbert cell as a core of the mixer. Series resistor inductor source degeneration technique is used at RF transconductance stage for improving the linearity of the mixer. Two elements type capacitive and inductive (CL) matching is used at mixer RF stage, to minimize the return loss at RF port. LO signal is applied in differential form at LO port and RF signal is applied in single ended form at RF port. IF voltage output is taken across differential resistive load,The mixer obtains maximum conversion gain of 13.68 dB, 1 dB compression point (P1dB) of -18.51 dBm, the third order input intercept point (IIP3) of -8.044 dBm, single sideband (SSB) noise figure of 3.753 dB and input return loss (S11) of -17.86 dB.
Keywords: Down conversion mixer, Gilbert cell, Resistive inductive source degeneration, CL matching network.
| References: [+]
[1] F. Zhang, E. Skafidas, and W. Shieh, “A 60-GHz double-balanced Gilbert Cell down-conversion mixer on 130-nm CMOS,” Dig. Pap. - IEEE Radio Freq. Integr. Circuits Symp., pp. 141–144, 2007.
[2] W. Thomann, V. Thomas, R. Hagelauer and R. Weigel, "A single-chip 75 GHz/0.35 um SiGe BiCMOS W-CDMA homodyne transceiver for A 900 MHz Gilbert Cell Down Conversion Mixer Design in 180nm CMOS Technology for Wireless ApplicationsUMTS mobiles," IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Systems. Digest of Papers, Forth Worth, TX, pp. 69-72, 2004.
[3] A. Singh and V. Lubecke, "A heterodyne receiver for Harmonic Doppler radar cardiopulmonary monitoring with body-worn passive RF tags," 2010 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, pp. 1600-1603, 2010.
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[9] U. K. Sharma, A. Chaturvedi and M. Kumar, "A high gain down-conversion mixer in 0.18um CMOS technology for ultra wideband applications," 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), pp. 586-590, 2016.
[10] D. K. Sushmitha and M. Nagabushanam, "A 2.4GHz CMOS Double Balanced Down Conversion Gilbert Cell Mixer Design Using 180nm Technology," 3rd IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics, Information & Communication Technology (RTEICT), pp. 1767-1770, 2018.
[11] H. Saoudi, M. Dhieb, H. Ghariani and M. Lahiani, "A 5.2 GHz high gain high isolation double balance Gilbert cell mixer with linearity improvement in TSMC 180nm CMOS technology for WLAN application," 18th International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (STA), pp. 133-138, 2017.
[12] Jun Shi, Lianming Li and Tie Jun Cui, "A 60-GHz broadband Gilbert-cell down conversion mixer in a 65-nm CMOS," IEEE International Conference of Electron Devices and Solid-state Circuits, 2013.
[13] F. Zhang, E. Skafidas and W. Shieh, "A 60-GHz Double-Balanced Gilbert Cell Down-Conversion Mixer on 130-nm CMOS," IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium, pp. 141-144, 2007.
[14] G. O. B. Wolf, F. H. Gregorio and J. E. Cousseau, "Low noise design of a CMOS Gilbert mixer cell in 700 MHz,” XVI Workshop on Information Processing and Control (RPIC), pp. 1-5, 2015.
[15] R. Pawase and N. P. Futane, "CMOS Gilbert Mutiplier for Analog Signal Processing and its FPAA Based Implementation," International Conference On Advances in Communication and Computing Technology (ICACCT), pp. 623-626, 2018.
[16] R. Ciocoveanu, J. Rimmelspacher, R. Weigel, A. Hagelauer and V. Issakov, "A 1.8-mW low power, PVT-resilient, high linearity, modified Gilbert-cell down-conversion mixer in 28-nm CMOS," IEEE 18th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems (SiRF), pp. 19-22, 2018.
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[18] P. J. Sullivan, B. A. Xavier, and W. H. Ku, “Low voltage performance of a microwave CMOS Gilbert cell mixer,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1151–1155, 1997.
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Experimental Study on Self-healing Concrete with the Effect of Bacillus Subtilis Bacteria to Improve the Strength and Sustainability of the Concrete
1S. Ganesh, 2,*Peerzada Danish, 3Anita Jessie J, 4Muzafar Ahmad Ganie, 5Chandandeep Singh Raina
1Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
2,*Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu,Jammu and Kashmir, India.
2,3Ph.D. Research Scholar, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
4Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Model Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
5Assistant Professor,Civil EngineeringDepartment, GGS College of Modern Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India.
Pages: 1909-1923
Abstract: [+]
Microcracks are one of thereasons for the failure of the structure. Maintenance and repair work ofconcrete structure leads to more cost for repairing the cracks. In presentexperimental research work, an alternative repair method is applied to arrestthe cracks by using bacteria. That is a submission of bio-mineralization ofmicrobes during solid the main mechanism to apply the calcite mineralprecipitation formed by the bacterium in concrete repair works and cracks in concrete. The study resting on the opportunity of utilizing the precise germs is a sustainable and material fixed self-healing mediator is discussed and result commencing partial study is deals. This was set up to facilitate microbial limestone precipitation resultant on or after the metabolic performance of complimentary microorganisms during solid improves the additional strength to arrear the cracks and helps to improve the structuralperformance and sustainibility of concrete.
Keywords: Self-Healing, Micro-cracks, Bio-mineralization, Mechanical properties, Bacillus subtilis MTCC441
| References: [+]
[1] Chereddy Sonali Sri Durga, Nerella Ruben, Madduru Sri Rama Chand, Chava Venkatesh, “Performance studies on rate of self-healing in bio concrete”, Materials Today: Proceeding, Article in press, 2019.
[2] Hana Schreiberova, Petr Bily, Josef Fladr, Karel Seps, Roman Chylik, Tomas Trtik, “Impact of the self-healing agent composition on material characteristics of bio-based self-healing concrete”, Vol.11, 2019.
[3] Thanh Ha Nguyen, Elhem Ghorbel, Hanaa Fares, Annelise Cousture, “Bacterial self-healing of concrete and durability assessment”, Vol.104, pp. 33-40, 2019.
[4] Kamil Tomczak, Jacek Jakubowski, “The effects of age, cement content, and healing time on the self-healing ability of high-strength concrete”, Construction and Building Materials journal, Vol.187, pp.149-159, 2018.
[5] Doo-Yeol Yoo, Soonho Kim, Seung Ho Lee, “Self-sensing capability of ultra-high-performance concrete containing steel fibers and carbon nanotubes under tension”, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Vol.276, pp.125-136, 2018.
[6] Gurkan Yıldırım, Arash Hamidzadeh Khiavi, Seda Yesilmen, Mustafa Sahmaran, “Self-healing performance of aged cementitious composites”, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.87, pp.172-186, 2018.
[7] Iman Mehdipour, Reza Zoughi, Kamal H. Khayat, “Feasibility of using near-field microwave reflectometry for monitoring autogenous crack healing in cementitious materials”, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.85, pp.161-173, 2018.
[8] S. Xu, A. Tabakovic, X. Liu, E. Schlangen, “Calcium alginate capsules encapsulating rejuvenator as healing system for asphalt mastic”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.169, pp.379-387, 2018.
[9] Biqin Dong, Guohao Fang, Yanshuai Wang, Yuqing Liu, Shuxian Hong, Jianchao Zhang, Shangmin Lin, Feng Xing, “Performance recovery concerning the permeability of concrete by means of a microcapsule based self-healing system”, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol.78, pp.84-96, 2017.
[10] Zeynep Basaran Bundur, Mary Jo Kirisits, Raissa Douglas Ferron, “Use of pre-wetted lightweight fine expanded shale aggregates as internal nutrient reservoirs for microorganisms in bio-mineralized mortar”, Cement
and Concrete Composites, Vol.84, pp.167-174, 2017.
[11] Gupta Souradeep, Pang Sze Dai, KuaHarn Wei, “Autonomous healing in concrete by bio-based healing agents – A review”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.146, pp. 419–428, 2017.
[12] Armin Saeedi Javadi, Hassan Badiee, Mohsen Sabermahani, “Mechanical properties and durability of bio-blocks with recycled concrete aggregates”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.165, pp. 859–865, 2018.
[13] L. P. Singh, Vishakha Bisht, M. S. Aswathy, Leena Chaurasia, SanjayGupta, “Studies on performance enhancement of recycled aggregate by incorporating bio and nano materials”, Construction and Building Materials,
Vol.181, pp. 217–226, 2018
[14] Chung-Chan Hung, Yen-FangSu, Yu-Min Su, “Mechanical properties and self-healing evaluation of strain-hardening cementitious composites with high volumes of hybrid pozzolan materials”, Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 133, pp.15-25, 2018.
[15] A. R. Suleiman, M. L. Nehdi, “Effect of environmental exposure on autogenous self-healing of cracked cement-based materials”, Cement and Cocnrete Research, Vol.111, pp.197–208, 2018.
[16] P. Jagannathan, K. S. Satya Narayanan, Kantha Devi Arunachalam, Sathesh kumar Annamalai, “Studies on the mechanical properties of bacterial concrete with two bacterial species: Materials Today: Proceeding Vol.5, Issue 2, Part-3, pp. 8875–8879, 2018.
[17] Jiaguang Zhang, Yuanzhen Liu, Tao Feng, Mengjun Zhou, Lin Zhao, Aijuan Zhou, Zhu Li, “Immobilizing bacteria in expanded perlite for the crack self-healing in concrete”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.148, pp. 610–617, 2017.
[18] Hao Ling Chunxiang Qian, “Effects of self-healing cracks in bacterial concrete on the transmission of chloride during electromigration”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.144, pp. 406–411, 2017.
[19] Jean Ducasse-Lapeyrusse, Richard Gagne, Christine Lors, DenisDamidot, “Effect of calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, and urea on the kinetics of self-healing in mortars”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 157, pp. 489–497, 2017
[20] R. Alghamri, A. Kanellopoulos, A. Al-Tabbaa, “Impregnation and encapsulation of lightweight aggregates for self-healing concrete”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 124, pp. 910–921, 2016.
[21] Wasim Khaliq, Muhammad Basit Ehsan, “Crack healing in concrete using various bio influenced self-healing techniques”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 102, pp. 349–357, 2016.
[22] E. Tziviloglou, V. Wiktor, H.M. Jonkers, E. Schlangen, “Bacteria-based self-healing concrete to increase liquid tightness of cracks”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 122, pp. 118–125, 2016.
[23] Lu Zichen, Kong, Xiangming, Yang, Ruifang, Zhang Yanrong, Jiang, Lingfei,Wang,Ziming, Wang, Qichun, LiuWei, ZengMin, Zhou, Shiming, Dong Biqin, Xing Feng, “Oil swellable polymer modified cement paste: Expansion and crack healing upon oil absorption”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.114, pp. 98–108, 2016.
[24] Gurkan Yıldırım, Ozlem Kasap Keskin, Suleyman Bahadır Keskin, Mustafa Sahmaran, Mohamed Lachemi, “A review of intrinsic self-healing capability of engineered cementitious composites: Recovery of transport and mechanical properties”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.101, pp. 10–21, 2015.
[25] S. Krishnapriya, D.L. Venkatesh Babu, Prince Arulraj G, “Isolation and identification of bacteria to improve the strength of concrete”, Microbiological Research, Vol.174, pp.48-55, 2015.
[26] Dong Yu Zhu, Min Zhi Rong, Ming Qiu Zhang, “Self-healing polymeric materials based on microencapsulated healing agents: From design to preparation”, Progress in Polymer Science, pp. 175–220, 2015.
[27] Yusuf Cagatay Ersan, Filipe Bravo Da Silva Nico Boon, Willy Verstraete, Nele De Beliec, “Screening of bacteria and concrete compatible protection materials”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 88, pp. 196–203, 2015.
[28] A. Kanellopoulos, T. S. Qureshi, A. Al-Tabbaa, “Glass encapsulated minerals for self-healing in cement-based composites”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 98, pp. 780–791, 2015.
[29] Zeynep Basaran Bundur, Mary Jo Kirisits, Raissa Douglas Ferron, “Biomineralized cement-based materials: Impact of inoculating vegetative bacterial cells on hydration and strength”, Cement and Cocnrete Research, Vol. 67, pp. 237–245, 2015.
[30] J. Y. Wang, H. Soens, W. Verstraete, N. De Belie, “Self-healing concrete by use of microencapsulated bacterial spores”, Cement and Cocnrete Research, Vol. 56, pp. 139–152, 2014.
[31] Liberato Ferrara, Visar Krelani, Maddalena Carsana, “A ‘fracture testing’ based approach to assess crack healing of concrete with and without crystalline admixtures”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 68, pp. 535–551, 2014.
[32] B. Hilloulin, F. Grondin, M. Matallah, A. Loukilia, “Modelling of autogenous healing in ultra high-performance concrete”, Cement and Cocnrete Research, Vol. 61–62, pp. 64–70, 2014.
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