The problem of secure image transmission over Wireless Camera Sensor Network is been addressed. The challenge originates from the nature of image and restricted energy budget imposed on camera attached wireless sensor network. Visual data in the form of images are self-descriptive than scalar data like pressure, temperature,humidityetc., Hence WCSN has attained wide application in various surveillance and monitoring systems. Images are captured by camera attached sensor nodes and transmitted over unreliable bandwidth limited wireless link. If the images are tampered, images will reveal more information as they are self-descriptive. Typically sensor nodes are embedded systems built up with microcontrollers and small internal memory. The AES, DES algorithms are complex and consume more energy. To deal with the problem, a low complex cost efficient secured image coding using chaotic map and bit shuffling is proposed. The efficiency of the proposed system is analyzed with NPCR (Number of Pixel Changing Rate), UACI (Unified Average Changing Intensity), PSNR and energyconsumption.
Keywords:  Low energy, encryption, Fibonacci-Lucas transform, chaotic system, secured transmission.

Cloud computing is one of the emerging technology in the world it refer different technologies, services concepts and architectures. Cloud has provided everything as a service to end users, medium and large scale enterprises across globally. The datacenters contribute major role in the cloud, it has different architecture, service provided by cloud providers. The datacenters level required lots of optimization, it will helps to gain the less energy consumption, less pollution and carbon emission, provide more powerful performance to consumer with less cost, QoS within SLA, innovation. To achieve these datacenter levels required continuously monitoring, analysis and take decisions on the log level, monitoring metrics, thresholds. The datacenters resource objects using training and prediction on usage during provisioning and server consolidation. The application workflow request and response experiment analyses. There selections of energy selection on datacenter. The agent based monitoring, agent less script based monitoring, automation, artificial intelligence, neural network. This paper mainly concentrated analysis metrics, thresholds on cloud, capacity analysis, application workflow and Resource such as CPU, RAM utilization and prediction using Machine Learning techniques such as LR, RantomTree, RandomForest and 10 folds cross validation in cloud. The data center power source, architecture selection and usage of resource in usage optimum will helps us to reduce carbon emission and green cloud computing.
Keywords:  Cloud, datacenter, Green cloud, Virtualization, Hypervisors, monitoring metrics, thresholds, machine learning, Liner Regression, Random Forest, Random tree.

Concrete is the basic engineering material used in most of the civil engineering projects. It is extremely used because of the ability in possessing high compressive strength and can be moulded into any desired shape. In order to overcome the poor tensile strength of concrete, fibers are introduced in the matrix. In this research work, burr wastes obtained from CNC turning process in lathe industry were disposed as wastes in open lands in the proximity of the industries causing an hazard to the environment. Hence, these wastes were tested as fiber material in the form of micro-reinforcements in the concrete. Burr wastes were added to the concrete in volume fractions Vf = 0% to 2.0% and tested for its split tensile strength, compressive strength and flexural strength. The results of the experimental tests revealed that the compressive strength and flexural strength of burr waste concrete increased from 16.16% to 23.36%and 117% to 124% respectively for Vf = 0.5% to 2.0% at 28 days strength in comparison with concrete made without burr waste. The tensile strength of burr waste concrete increased upto 6.06% for Vf = 0.5% at 28 days strength when compared to conventional concrete. From the experimental investigation, it was observed that the addition of burr wastes as micro reinforcements in the concrete had significant improvement in terms of concrete strength.
Keywords:  Burr wastes, micro reinforcements, volume fractions, strength, compression, tension, flexures.

Solar energy is an eminent source of alternate energy. This source of energy, which is abundantly available, is not used efficiently due to the lack of authentic information. Using the new -gen advancements such as data mining, data processing, data analysis and validation, under the versatile platform of big data, this source of energy can be identified and utilized to its maximum level. This smart solar energy cataloguing using Data Analytics hosts sustainable development to high levels. It also focuses in diminution of cost by enabling people to manage the surplus or deficit power by giving a prescience of ballpark figure of the power production. Of the vast area given, the pinpointed co - ordinates receiving maximum solar radiation are determined using data mining algorithm. These points where the solar power is to be harnessed are planted with solar panels. The power productions from these set-ups are ambiguous through the year, just like normal consumption. To face this complication, forecasting the power to be produced in future on target is done. An analysis is also done to adumbrate the consumption. Getting hands on the organizational data (weather feeds), demographic data (social media updates in the locality /neighbourhood) and sensor data from the solar panels gives the estimated power output once processed. Taking into account the climatic condition and events taking place one could also predict the power consumption. Processing the production and consumption rates will help to know whether there is surplus or deficit in power. Managing this efficiently in advance with the help of IoT would support the entire mankind. The service providers can be enhanced with complete system of this smart package. Moreover, the end user is enlightened about his power production capabilities through this smart solar power management and is advised promptly in managing the power.
Keywords:  Solar Energy, Big Data, Geographic Information System, Sustainable Energy, IoT, Machine Learning.

Career of teaching is centered upon narrowness on a definite field with teaching abilities and some assured personal features that it needs. In view of facing global challenges, ‘quality of education’ plays a vital role especially in applications of engineering. For teachers, it is difficult to avoid the global challenges which are influenced by the implication of the rapid development of science and technology, situations like COVID19 etc., but have to be challenged by using possessions with high eminence will power. The aim of this paper is to determine the criteria which have been incorporated in the improvement of teaching skills using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). These analysis may be helpful to the teachers to absorb with their desires and concerns in mind.
Keywords:  Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process, Multi Criteria Decision Making, Sustainable Teaching Skill, development factors, Engineering

The notion of deregulation in power industry becomes essential in developing countries like India for sustaining the competitive electricity market. This study aims to solve Generation Expansion Planning (GEP) problem using firefly algorithm (FA) under partially deregulated environment where the electrical utility and Independent Power Producers (IPP) have been considered as power sources. The electrical utility can purchase the power from IPP and sell it to the customers. This study aims to enhance the profit of electrical utility and IPP by fulfilling the predicted demand of a planning span. The objective functions have been modeled and solved along with the constraints such as budget, reliability, system security and fuel mix ratio for six-year (till 2025) and twelve-year (till 2031) planning horizons. The simulation results provide the expansion details of power plants along with the profits. The outcomes are validated with dynamic programming (DP).
Keywords:  Generation Expansion Planning, firefly algorithm, deregulation, Independent Power Producers.

Smart grids comprises of PV cell array, wind mills and power generators. Due to the nature of renewable sources such as sun and wind the output of such generators cannot be completely relied on. Furthermore, the fluctuating output sources results in total harmonic distortion in smart grid. Harmonics induce in the smart grid at different levels such as at transmission and distribution system and at load side. The harmonics in the grid eliminated with harmonic filters. In this paper, a harmonic filter design and connect at load side to analyse power quality. The smart grid, transmission & distribution system, harmonic filter and load design in Simulink and the effect of harmonic filters are analysed.
Keywords:  Smart grid, Harmonic filter, PV cell array, Wind mills and power generators

India is aiming to achieve solar energy generation of 100GW by 2022. Nowadays domestic consumers are propmoted to install solar based grid-connected systems in their residence. This system consists of solar PV and effective management of PV generation, battery power (BP) and Utility Grid (UG), can reduce the energy bills of the consumer. Utility companies adopt Stepped Tariff (ST) and Time of Day tariff (ToD) for generating energy bills. In this paper, an optimal strategy for energy management in domestic power generation systems, working under ToD tariff has been proposed. Strategies have been formulated that resulted in optimized parameters to maximize the customer benefits. The parameters were optimized using Antlion optimization technique. A case study of the proposed system has been made with a typical residential electrical system and the results have been validated. The results infer that the proposed strategy optimized though Antlion optimization can be effectively used for energy management fetching maximum benefits to the customers.
Keywords: Antlion, Optimization, Energy Management, Domestic PV system, Grid Connected.

With advancement of technology in the field of wireless networks large amount of information travelling in the open space has created chaos related to safety threats and solitude concerns. Mean time a lot more progress in the pre-emptive and defensive measures especially in the field of Green Wireless Intrusion Detection System (GWIDS) which are most important in gaining safety to both the computer and the networks systems. Although IDS is favourable to the networks in Machine Learning (ML) but there are few loopholes related to the accuracy creating major issues in the existing methodologies. With this basic knowledge, a novel deep learning methodology for Wireless Intrusion Detection System (WIDS) by coupling Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) technique with feature engineering using an exclusive selection algorithm has been proposed. The RNN Intrusion Detection System is appraised by means of renowned data mining standard Network Security Laboratory-Knowledge Discovery in Database dataset. Later, the proposed architecture is evaluated against existing traditional machine learning techniques. The end results clearly demonstrate that the Recurrent Neural Networks-Feature Extraction Unit (RNN-FEU) of IDS has achieved efficient accuracy when compared to existing traditional methods.
Keywords:  RNN, wireless networks, machine learning, deep learning, feature selection, feature extraction, intrusion detection.

Nowadays, there are various measures taken in factories to reduce production time. The product has increased by reducing production time. For example, manufacturers have switched from conventional lathe machines to more sophisticated machines. This advance machine reduces the time of product preparation by half. Existing technologies not only reduce production time but also improve its quality. This advance machine reduces the time of product preparation by half. Existing technologies not only reduce production time but also improve its quality. They were 3D fabricating technology the next step of industrialization worldwide. In the manufacturing industry as a whole, 3D printing has opened new horizons, and 3D printers are becoming tools for technical developments. There is an enormous gap between the evaluating of industry and open source 3D printers with the previous being on the costly side fit for delivering high-quality items and last being on the minimal effort side with moderate quality outcomes. This paper has designed and produced with the aid of locally available equipment and plastic waste to create a faster and a fixed 3D printing platform. This study also uses dual extruder instead of Single extruder in 3D printing technology. The time to replace the filament has thus reduced. By using these dual extruders, printing time had reduced. You can also combine two materials in the same material and print two different color schemes. Moreover, in this work, the delta dual extruder 3D printer machines parts such as top cover, bottom cover and side cover of materials are fabricated using waste plastics resources. By using these waste resources of plastics, the procurement of virgin plastics resources is optimized for making of parts of the Delta Dual Extruder 3D Printer machine.
Keywords:  3D printing, Dual extruder, Delta, Additive manufacturing, Fused Deposition Modeling.

Soil Water Potential (SWP) is defined as the water potential energy per unit mass of water in a system. The total water potentials of a specimen are the sum of four component potentials (Ψt): matric (ψm), gravitational (ψg), pressure (ψp), and osmotic. In this research, a Dew point potentiometer (WP4) is used to measure the sum of the matric and osmotic potentials in a soil specimen and to create the Soli-Water Characteristics Curve (SWCC). Water content of 18% were prepared for compaction test for the Jolly blue clay. Humboldt Automatic Mechanical Compactor is used for the standard Proctor compaction test. It was found that the dry unit weight of the soil does not affect its suction and subsequently the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC).
Keywords:  Soil-water characteristics curve, Fine-grained soils, Soil suction, compaction water content, jolly blue clay.

Conventional energy sources such as petroleum, coal represent a catastrophic global threat to life on earth, one of the alternatives is sustainable energy, in this field lies green resources, sunlight. Promising systems for converting sunlight into electrical energy are Photovoltaic (PV) cells, these systems utilize the Dc-Dc converter as a major part. In this study, the digital sliding mode technique (DSM) is used to control the non-linear and time-varying of the step-up / down converter when it is working in continuous mode. This technique improves the dynamic response of the converter; also this technique maintains the output voltage stable resulting voltage with no matter how the load and voltage source changes. A small-signal state-space model of the converter depends on the switching process and the control rule which is established in the z- domain. This controlling rule reaches the demands of DSM technology. The results of this simulation model come out of MATLAB / SIMULINK environment show the enhancement of the output voltage regulation by using different input voltage levels and different load values.
Keywords:  step-up / down converter, Sliding Mode (SM), Digital sliding Mode (DSM), Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Photovoltaic.

The performance of the solar PV system depends on several factors, such as the surrounding environmental conditions, the design and technical parameters of the system. The periodic evaluation performance, it develops expertise and increases knowledge to overcoming errors when design and building the PV solar energy systems. In this paper, there are several seasonal variables, which have an effected on the performance of a photovoltaic solar energy system (24 kWp) was planted in Baghdad city have been evaluated to feeding loads contribute 30% of the that consumed. In order to prove the success of the assessment design, the system performance was monitored for a period of time from April to December, the performance results as record and measured data were evaluated. Adopting site weather data such as solar radiation and temperature and their effect on the system performance. Estimated annual production of electricity about (38 MWh), there are some factors affect production energy like clouds and dust was lead the actual annual production about (25.5 MWh).
Keywords:  On-grid system, PV solar system, Solar Energy, Electricity, Feeding load

The Internet of Things refers to a system in which objects are connected to the Internet and can communicate without user intervention. The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently been used in various fields such as smart homes, automobiles, factories, and industrial sites, and everyday life. This paper is composed of IoT devices using a fine dust sensor to compare the amount of power used according to the message size of the MQTT protocol and the CoAP protocol.
Keywords:  oneM2M, MQTT, CoAP, Standard protocol, fine dust, IoT.