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JGE

Journal of Green Engineering

[Indexed in Scopus]

ISSN: 1904-4720 (Print)
ISSN: 2245-4586 (Online)
Publication Frequency: 12 issues per year

Volume:2 Issue:2

Green Energy: A Perspective for Indian Rural Telecom
Pratap Kumar Panigrahi
1105, Sanchar Bhawan, 20 Ashoka Road, New Delhi, Pin-110001, India
Abstract: [+]
 This paper presents the current scenario of energy availability in a typical rural telecom system and proposes green energy utilization in rural telecom sector in India. The paper discusses the renewable energy source as the best alternative for rural telecom to supply the required load at any given time. The technical suitability and financial viability of using green energy sources to meet energy demands is also discussed.

Keywords: telecom passive infrastructure, sharing, renewable energy

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Minimum-Energy Broadcast Routing in Dynamic Wireless Networks
Afonso Ferreira1 and Aubin Jarry2
1Laboratory I3S & INRIA-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, B.P. 93, F-06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France (currently on leave at the European Commission)
2TCS-Sensor Lab, Computer Science Department, University of Geneva, CH-1227 Carouge, Switzerland
Abstract: [+]
  One of the new challenges facing research in wireless networks is the design of algorithms and protocols that are energy aware. A good example is the minimum-energy broadcast routing problem for a static network in the plane, which attracted a great deal of attention these past years. The problem is NP-hard and its approximation ratio complexity is a solution proved to be within a factor 6 of the optimal, based on finding a Minimum Spanning Tree of the static planar network. In this paper, we use for the first time the evolving graph combinatorial model as a tool to prove an NP-Completeness result, namely that computing a Minimum Spanning Tree of a planar network in the presence of mobility is actually NP-Complete. This result implies that the above approximation solution cannot be used in dynamic wireless networks. On the positive side, we give a polynomial-time algorithm to build a rooted spanning tree of an on/off network, that minimizes the maximum energy used by any one node. Such tree could then be used in order to maximize the life-time of wireless communication networks.

Keywords: wireless networks, dynamic networks, routing, energy aware, evolving graphs, graph theoretical models, LEO satellite networks, fixed-schedule dynamic networks, sensor networks.

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Spatially-Aware Access Control Model: A Step towards Secure and Energy-Efficient Mobile Applications

Vladimir Oleshchuk
Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder, Postboks 509, N-4898 Grimstad, Norway
Abstract: [+]
  Role Based Access Control (RBAC) Model has been found to be quite useful and has drawn a lot of research interest over the last fifteen years. It was recently defined as NIST/ANSI Standard. Traditional RBAC considers user to role as well as role to permission assignments to be static in nature with respect to space and time. However it was observed that in the context of mobile applications, spatial context plays an increasingly important role both in defining and enforcing more elaborated security policies since in many applications locations of participants should directly influence access control decisions. Recent years many extensions of RBAC to deal with spatial context have being proposed. However another benefit of location awareness (not considered yet in existing extensions of RBAC) is an ability to provide more energy-efficient (more “green”) solutions. In this paper we consider extensions of RBAC and propose to use location both as a security and an energy-related parameter. We discuss some applications and directions of future research.

Keywords: location-based access control, RBAC, mobile security, authorization model

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Enhancement of Emergency Telemedicine Diagnosis Using 3G+ Mobile Systems

Venkatapathy Prithiviraj, Bharani Kumar Gnanasekaran, Mohan Kumar Murthy and Mohan Devanathan
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry 605014, India.
Abstract: [+]
  Mobile telemedicine is used in cases of emergency when an ambulance needs to communicate with an expert doctor present at a distant location. With the present day telemedicine systems lacking a framework that can handle all the types of data like real time video, audio and heavy data like Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI), X-ray scans, live cardiograms, and other types of medical data, it becomes necessary to design a telemedicine system that can tackle all the problems and provide a robust telemedicine system. This paper focuses on providing an efficient mobile wireless telemedicine system using 3G+ mobile systems based on High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) technology. The telemedicine system can handle real time audio, video streaming, interactive data and background traffic which are essential data traffic involved in a telemedicine system. The latency, jitter associated with the network is reduced without affecting the throughput by analyzing the packet scheduler available at the network layer of the UMTS-HSDPA network and various packet scheduling algorithms are tested. The mobile telemedicine system along with real time channel conditions and background traffic has been simulated in QualNet Developer Network Simulator.

Keywords: HSDPA, jitter, latency, packet scheduler, wireless

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Relevance Based Power Saving Mechanism in a Multi-RAT User Equipment

Dibakar Das and Debabrata Das
International Institute of Information Technology – Bangalore (IIIT-B), Bangalore 560100, India
Abstract: [+]
 In a mobile device or user equipment (UE) with multiple radio access technologies (RATs) an essential procedure to enable mobility across all RATs is to search for suitable cells in each supported RAT. The search procedure includes measurement of signal strength of the cells and receiving of network parameters, e.g., system information in LTE cell. To perform the search procedure it involves power consumptions by each of the RAT access stratum (RAT-AS) in a UE. In this paper, the authors propose a novel mechanism to selectively switch OFF less relevant access stratums of the dormant RATs. This paper defines a set of parameters for this purpose. These parameters are (1) user preference, (2) ratio of number of cells with Received Signal Strength Identifier (RSSI) above a defined threshold to the number of cells searched, (3) ratio of the number of cells searched to maximum number of cells that can be searched within a given power usage limit, (4) ratio of the number of cells suitable for mobility procedures to number of cells searched. Based on these parameters criteria are defined which are used to switch OFF irrelevant RATs in a UE. Simulation results show that for lesser number of cells searched (around 30% of maximum possible), the ratio of the number of cells searched to maximum number of cells that can be searched within a given power limit is the preferred parameter for switching OFF an irrelevant RAT-AS. Whereas for higher number of cells searched, user preference is the preferred option to switch OFF an irrelevant RAT-AS.

Keywords: power save, multi-RAT, relevance based

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A Novel Energy Detection Technique for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio

Venkatapathy Prithiviraj and L. Hanumath Bhujanga Rao
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry 605 014, India
Abstract: [+]
  Co-operative spectrum sensing is used as a promising solution to detect the primary user effectively in a highly noisy environment, where the multiple secondary users make a global decision in relation to the primary user. The Bayesian Estimation Energy Detection (BEED) technique is one of the elegant spectrum sensing techniques available in a non-cooperative environment. So an attempt was made in this paper by incorporating the BEED in a cooperative environment, which yields the detection of primary user effectively up to a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of –19 dB, when the Rayleigh fading effects are considered.

Keywords: cognitive radio, BEED, cooperative spectrum sensing

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED: Cognitive Ultra Wide Band (CUWB) Radio – Implementation and Challenges

Gerardine Immaculate Mary
School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
Abstract: [+]
 Software-defined radio (SDR), software radio (SWR), and cognitive radio (CR) are futuristic concepts that promise to significantly impact wireless communications technologies. Today, however, technology ironically is one of the limiting factors in the production of a true software radio that is capable of dynamically reconfiguring itself to meet user requirements or spectral limitations. Specifically, the lack of analog-to-digital converters and digital-to-analog converters fast enough to implement a software or cognitive radio will delay their deployment. Fortunately, fast-developing ultra-wideband (UWB) technologies might provide the solution to this dilemma.

Keywords: cognitive radio (CR), software defined radio (SDR), ultra wide band (UWB)

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